Human CTLA-4 PE-conjugated Antibody Summary
Ala37-Phe162
Accession # Q6GR94
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
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Detection of CTLA‑4 in NS0 Mouse Cell Line Transfected with Human CTLA-4 and eGFP by Flow Cytometry. NS0 mouse myeloma cell line transfected with human CTLA-4 and eGFP was stained with (A) Goat Anti-Human CTLA-4 PE-conjugated Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB386P) and (B) Normal Goat IgG Phycoerythrin Control (Catalog # IC108P). View our protocol for Staining Membrane-associated Proteins.
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Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied.
Background: CTLA-4
CTLA-4 and CD28, together with their ligands B7-1 and B7-2, constitute one of the dominant costimulatory pathways that regulate T- and B-cell responses. CTLA-4 and CD28 are structurally homologous molecules that are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily. Both CTLA-4 and CD28 are composed of a single Ig V‑like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. CTLA-4 and CD28 are both expressed on the cell surface as disulfide-linked homodimers or as monomers. The genes encoding these two molecules are closely linked on human chromosome 2. CTLA-4 was originally identified as a gene that was specifically expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. However, CTLA-4 transcripts have since been found in both Th1 and Th2, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones. Whereas CD28 expression is constitutive on the surfaces of 95% of CD4+ T cells and 50% of CD8+ T cells and is down regulated upon T cell activation, CTLA-4 expression is upregulated rapidly following T cell activation and peaks approximately 24 hours following activation. Although both CTLA-4 and CD28 can bind to the same ligands, CTLA-4 binds to B7-1 and B7-2 with 20‑100‑fold higher affinity than CD28. The physiological role of CTLA-4 in T cell costimulation is currently being studied.
- Lenschow, D.J. et al. (1996) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14:233.
- Hathcock, K.S. and R.J. Hodes (1996) Advances in Immunol. 62:131.
- Ward, S.G. (1996) Biochem. J. 318:361.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human CTLA-4 PE-conjugated Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 2
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CD26 expression and adenosine deaminase activity in regulatory T cells (Treg) and CD4(+) T effector cells in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: Mandapathil M, Szczepanski M, Harasymczuk M, Ren J, Cheng D, Jackson E, Gorelik E, Johnson J, Lang S, Whiteside T
Oncoimmunology, 2012-08-01;1(5):659-669.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Generation and accumulation of immunosuppressive adenosine by human CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ regulatory T cells.
Authors: Mandapathil M, Hilldorfer B, Szczepanski MJ, Czystowska M, Szajnik M, Ren J, Lang S, Jackson EK, Gorelik E, Whiteside TL
J. Biol. Chem., 2009-10-26;285(10):7176-86.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry
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