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Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A beta A subunit Antibody

Catalog #: AF338
24 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS
Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
AF338
AF338-SP
Activin A in SK-BR-3 and HeLa Human Cell Lines.
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Citations (24)
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Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A beta A subunit Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Specificity
Detects human, mouse and rat Activin A in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
Source
Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-derived recombinant human Activin A
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.
Label
Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
0.1 µg/mL
Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A (Catalog # 338-AC)
Immunohistochemistry
5-15 µg/mL
See below
Immunocytochemistry
5-25 µg/mL
See below
Neutralization
Measured by its ability to neutralize Activin A-induced hemoglobin expression in the K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line. Schwall, R. H. et al. (1991) Method Enzymol. 198:340. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 2-6 µg/mL in the presence of 7.5 ng/mL Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Immunocytochemistry Activin A antibody in SK-BR-3 and HeLa Human Cell Lines by Immunocytochemistry (ICC). View Larger

Activin A in SK-BR-3 and HeLa Human Cell Lines. Activin A was detected in immersion fixed SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell line (left panel, positive stain) and HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line (right panel, negative stain) using Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A beta A subunit Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF338) at 5 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to endoplasmic reticuli. View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Cells on Coverslips.

Immunohistochemistry Activin A antibody in Human Breast Cancer Tissue by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P). View Larger

Activin A in Human Breast Cancer Tissue. Activin A was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human breast cancer tissue using 5 µg/mL Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A beta A Subunit Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF338) overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained (red) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

Neutralization Hemoglobin Expression Induced by Activin A and Neutralization by Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A Antibody. View Larger

Hemoglobin Expression Induced by Activin A and Neutralization by Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A Antibody. Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A (Catalog # 338-AC) increases hemoglobin expression in the K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line), as measured by the psuedoperoxidase assay. Hemoglobin Expression elicited by Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A (7.5 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A beta A subunit Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF338). The ND50 is typically 2-6 µg/mL.

Reconstitution Calculator

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 degreesC as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 6 months, -20 to -70 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: Activin A

Activin and Inhibin are members of the TGF-beta superfamily of cytokines and are involved in a wide range of biological processes including tissue morphogenesis and repair, fibrosis, inflammation, neural development, hematopoiesis, reproductive system function, and carcinogenesis (1-7). Activin and Inhibin are produced as precursor proteins. Their amino terminal propeptides are proteolytically cleaved and facilitate formation of disulfide-linked dimers of the bioactive proteins (8, 9). Activins are nonglycosylated homodimers or heterodimers of various beta subunits ( beta A, beta B, beta C, and beta E in mammals), while Inhibins are heterodimers of a unique alpha subunit and one of the beta subunits. Activin A is a widely expressed homodimer of two beta A chains. The beta A subunit can also heterodimerize with a beta B or beta C subunit to form Activin AB and Activin AC, respectively (10). The 14 kDa mature human beta A chain shares 100% amino acid sequence identity with bovine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat beta A. Activin A exerts its biological activities by binding to the type 2 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIIA which then noncovalently associates with the type 1 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIB/ALK-4 (7, 11). Signaling through this receptor complex leads to Smad activation and regulation of activin-responsive gene transcription (7, 11). The bioactivity of Activin A is regulated by a variety of mechanisms (11). BAMBI, Betaglycan, and Cripto are cell-associated molecules that function as decoy receptors or limit the ability of Activin A to induce receptor complex assembly (12-14). The intracellular formation of Activin A can be prevented by the incorporation of the beta A subunit into Activin AC or Inhibin A (3, 10). And the bioavailability of Activin A is restricted by its incorporation into inactive complexes with alpha 2-Macroglobulin, Follistatin, and FLRG (15, 16).

References
  1. Kumanov, P. et al. (2005) Reprod. Biomed. Online 10:786.
  2. Maeshima, A. et al. (2008) Endocr. J. 55:1.
  3. Rodgarkia-Dara, C. et al. (2006) Mutat. Res. 613:123.
  4. Werner, S. and C. Alzheimer (2006) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:157.
  5. Xu, P. and A.K. Hall (2006) Dev. Biol. 299:303.
  6. Shav-Tal, Y. and D. Zipori (2002) Stem Cells 20:493.
  7. Chen, Y.G. et al. (2006) Exp. Biol. Med. 231:534.
  8. Gray, A.M. and A.J. Mason (1990) Science 247:1328.
  9. Mason, A.J. et al. (1996) Mol. Endocrinol. 10:1055.
  10. Thompson, T.B. et al. (2004) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 225:9.
  11. Harrison, C.A. et al. (2005) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 16:73.
  12. Onichtchouk, D. et al. (1999) Nature 401:480.
  13. Gray, P.C. et al. (2002) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 188:254.
  14. Kelber, J.A. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:4490.
  15. Phillips, D.J. et al. (1997) J. Endocrinol. 155:65.
  16. Schneyer, A. et al. (2003) Endocrinology 144:1671.
Entrez Gene IDs
3624 (Human); 16323 (Mouse); 29200 (Rat)
Alternate Names
Activin A; activin AB alpha polypeptide; Activin beta-A chain; erythroid differentiation factor; Erythroid differentiation protein; follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing protein; FSH-releasing protein; inhibin beta A chain; inhibin beta A subunit; Inhibin, beta-1

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Citations for Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A beta A subunit Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

24 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Activin A, a Novel Chemokine, Induces Mouse NK Cell Migration via AKT and Calcium Signaling
    Authors: Wang, Y;Liu, Z;Qi, Y;Wu, J;Liu, B;Cui, X;
    Cells
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  2. Activin A signaling stimulates neutrophil activation and macrophage migration in pancreatitis
    Authors: Wiley, MB;Bauer, J;Alvarez, V;Mehrotra, K;Cheng, W;Kolics, Z;Giarrizzo, M;Ingle, K;Bialkowska, AB;Jung, B;
    Scientific reports
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  3. TREM2 mediates physical exercise-promoted neural functional recovery in rats with ischemic stroke via microglia-promoted white matter repair
    Authors: J Xu, L Zhang, M Li, X He, J Luo, R Wu, Z Hong, H Zheng, X Hu
    Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2023-02-25;20(1):50.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: Neutralization
  4. Activin A Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts through the ALK1-Smad1/5/9 Pathway
    Authors: H Sugii, MS Albougha, O Adachi, H Tomita, A Tomokiyo, S Hamano, D Hasegawa, S Yoshida, T Itoyama, H Maeda
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021-12-16;22(24):.
    Species: Human, Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells, Whole Tissue
    Applications: ICC, IHC
  5. Neuroadaptations in the dorsal hippocampus underlie cocaine seeking during prolonged abstinence
    Authors: CT Werner, S Mitra, BD Auerbach, ZJ Wang, JA Martin, AF Stewart, PH Gobira, M Iida, C An, MM Cobb, A Caccamise, RJ Salvi, RL Neve, AM Gancarz, DM Dietz
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2020-10-05;0(0):.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  6. Activin A Modulates Inflammation in Acute Pancreatitis and Strongly Predicts Severe Disease Independent of Body Mass Index
    Authors: AL Thomas, K Castellano, G Mancinelli, Y Xia, J Bauer, C Yazici, G Fantuzzi, RF Hwang, NL Krett, GI Papachrist, DC Whitcomb, B Jung
    Clin Transl Gastroenterol, 2020-05-01;11(5):e00152.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  7. Interplay between Follistatin, Activin A, and BMP4 Signaling Regulates Postnatal Thymic Epithelial Progenitor Cell Differentiation during Aging
    Authors: A Lepletier, ML Hun, MV Hammett, K Wong, H Naeem, M Hedger, K Loveland, AP Chidgey
    Cell Rep, 2019-06-25;27(13):3887-3901.e4.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  8. A GDF11/myostatin inhibitor, GDF11 propeptide-Fc, increases skeletal muscle mass and improves muscle strength in dystrophic mdx mice
    Authors: Q Jin, C Qiao, J Li, B Xiao, J Li, X Xiao
    Skelet Muscle, 2019-05-27;9(1):16.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  9. Small molecule inhibition of the CBF?/RUNX interaction decreases ovarian cancer growth and migration through alterations in genes related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
    Authors: AL Carlton, A Illendula, Y Gao, DC Llaneza, A Boulton, A Shah, RA Rajewski, CN Landen, D Wotton, JH Bushweller
    Gynecol. Oncol., 2018-03-16;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  10. Activin A inhibition attenuates sympathetic neural remodeling following myocardial infarction in rats
    Authors: J Hu, X Wang, YH Tang, YG Shan, Q Zou, ZQ Wang, CX Huang
    Mol Med Rep, 2018-01-25;17(4):5074-5080.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates, Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-P, Western Blot
  11. Activin in acute pancreatitis: Potential risk-stratifying marker and novel therapeutic target.
    Authors: Jonas J Staudacher, Cemal Yazici, Timothy Carroll, Jessica Bauer, Jingbo Pang, Nancy Krett, Yinglin Xia, Annette Wilson, Georgios Papachris, Andrea Dirmeier, Claudia Kunst, David C Whitcomb, Giamila Fantuzzi, Barbara Jung
    Scientific Reports, 2017-10-06;0(0):2045-2322.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  12. Inhibition of GDF8 (Myostatin) accelerates bone regeneration in diabetes mellitus type 2
    Authors: C Wallner, H Jaurich, JM Wagner, M Becerikli, K Harati, M Dadras, M Lehnhardt, B Behr
    Sci Rep, 2017-08-29;7(1):9878.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  13. Hypoxia-induced activin A diminishes endothelial cell vasculogenic activity
    Authors: S Merfeld-Cl, H Lu, X Wu, KL March, DO Traktuev
    J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2017-08-18;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  14. Differential Expression and Release of Activin A and Follistatin in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with and without Nasal Polyps.
    Authors: Yang Y, Zhang N, Crombruggen K, Lan F, Hu G, Hong S, Bachert C
    PLoS ONE, 2015-06-01;10(6):e0128564.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-Fr
  15. Inhibition of activin A ameliorates skeletal muscle injury and rescues contractile properties by inducing efficient remodeling in female mice.
    Authors: Yaden B, Wang Y, Wilson J, Culver A, Milner A, Datta-Mannan A, Shetler P, Croy J, Dai G, Krishnan V
    Am J Pathol, 2014-04-01;184(4):1152-66.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
    Applications: ELISA Development
  16. An activin receptor IIA ligand trap corrects ineffective erythropoiesis in beta-thalassemia.
    Authors: Dussiot M, Maciel T, Fricot A, Chartier C, Negre O, Veiga J, Grapton D, Paubelle E, Payen E, Beuzard Y, Leboulch P, Ribeil J, Arlet J, Cote F, Courtois G, Ginzburg Y, Daniel T, Chopra R, Sung V, Hermine O, Moura I
    Nat Med, 2014-03-23;20(4):398-407.
    Species: Human, Mouse
    Sample Types: Serum, Whole Cells, Whole Tissue
    Applications: ELISA Development, Flow Cytometry, ICC, IHC-P, Neutralization
  17. Activin A induces growth arrest through a SMAD- dependent pathway in hepatic progenitor cells.
    Authors: Chen L, Zhang W, Liang H, Zhou Q, Ding Z, Yang H, Liu W, Wu Y, Man Q, Zhang B, Chen X
    Cell Commun Signal, 2014-03-17;12(0):18.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: IHC-P
  18. Activin A as a mediator of NK-dendritic cell functional interactions.
    Authors: Seeger P, Bosisio D, Parolini S, Badolato R, Gismondi A, Santoni A, Sozzani S
    J Immunol, 2014-01-06;192(3):1241-8.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  19. Fgf-2 overexpression increases excitability and seizure susceptibility but decreases seizure-induced cell loss.
    Authors: Zucchini S, Buzzi A, Barbieri M, Rodi D, Paradiso B, Binaschi A, Coffin JD, Marzola A, Cifelli P, Belluzzi O, Simonato M
    J. Neurosci., 2008-12-03;28(49):13112-24.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-P
  20. The cysteine-rich domain protein KCP is a suppressor of transforming growth factor beta/activin signaling in renal epithelia.
    Authors: Lin J, Patel SR, Wang M, Dressler GR
    Mol. Cell. Biol., 2006-06-01;26(12):4577-85.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  21. Activin A is an endogenous inhibitor of ureteric bud outgrowth from the Wolffian duct.
    Authors: Maeshima A, Vaughn DA, Choi Y, Nigam SK
    Dev. Biol., 2006-04-27;295(2):473-85.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates, Whole Tissue
    Applications: Neutralization, Western Blot
  22. Interleukin-1 in combination with oncostatin M up-regulates multiple genes in chondrocytes: implications for cartilage destruction and repair.
    Authors: Barksby HE, Hui W, Wappler I, Peters HH, Milner JM, Richards CD, Cawston TE, Rowan AD
    Arthritis Rheum., 2006-02-01;54(2):540-50.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-P
  23. hCHL2, a novel chordin-related gene, displays differential expression and complex alternative splicing in human tissues and during myoblast and osteoblast maturation.
    Authors: Oren A, Toporik A, Biton S, Almogy N, Eshel D, Bernstein J, Savitsky K, Rotman G
    Gene, 2004-04-28;331(0):17-31.
    Species: Primate - Cholrocebus pygerythrus (Vervet Monkey)
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  24. Activin A is a potent activator of renal interstitial fibroblasts.
    Authors: Yamashita S, Maeshima A, Kojima I, Nojima Y
    J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2004-01-01;15(1):91-101.
    Species: Canine, Porcine, Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC

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