Recombinant Human GITR/TNFRSF18 Fc Avi-tag Protein, CF

Catalog #: AVI689 Datasheet / COA / SDS

Biotinylated

Catalog #	Availability	Size / Price	Qty
AVI689-050

Recombinant Human GITR/TNFRSF18 Fc Avi-tag Protein Binding Activity

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Summary Product Datasheets Carrier Free Data Images Reconstitution Calculator Background Related Research Areas

Recombinant Human GITR/TNFRSF18 Fc Avi-tag Protein, CF Summary

Learn more about Avi-tag Biotinylated Proteins

Why choose R&D Systems Avi-tag GITR Protein?

Guaranteed Bioactivity and High Purity: Bioactivity tested by functional ELISA and purity determined by SDS-PAGE to be greater than 95%.
Lot-to-Lot Consistency: Stringent QC testing performed on each lot to ensure consistent activity and purity.
Bulk Quantities Available: Bulk up and save with large mass quantities to meet your research needs. Supply agreements available, partner with us. Please contact us.
Most Respected, Most Cited Brand in Proteins: With over 35 years of providing the best recombinant proteins to the scientific community, R&D Systems continues to lead the industry in quality, activity, and purity.

Product Specifications

Purity

>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Activity

Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When Recombinant Human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 (Catalog # 6987-GL) is immobilized at 0.5 μg/mL (100 μL/well), It binds to Biotinylated Recombinant Human GITR/TNFRSF18 Fc Chimera Avi-tag (Catalog # AVI689) with an ED₅₀ of 0.05-0.5 μg/mL.

Source

Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived human GITR/TNFRSF18 protein

GITR/TNFRSF18
(Gln26-Glu161)
Accession # Q9Y5U5.1

IEGRMD

Human IgG₁
(Pro100-Lys330)

Avi-tag

Accession #

Q9Y5U5.1

N-terminal Sequence
Analysis

Gln26 inferred from enzymatic pyroglutamate treatment revealing Arg27

Structure / Form

Disulfide-linked homodimer, biotinylated via Avi-tag

Predicted Molecular Mass

43 kDa

SDS-PAGE

54-60 kDa, under reducing conditions

Product Datasheets

AVI689

Product Datasheet

COA

SDS

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

AVI689

Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose.
Reconstitution	Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in PBS.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage:	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Scientific Data

Binding Activity

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When Recombinant Human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 (Catalog # 6987-GL) is immobilized at 0.5 µg/mL, 100 µL/well, Biotinylated Recombinant Human GITR/TNFRSF18 Fc Chimera Avi-tag (Catalog # AVI689) binds with an ED₅₀ of 0.05-0.5 µg/mL.

SDS-PAGE

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2 μg/lane of Biotinylated Recombinant Human GITR/TNFRSF18 Fc Chimera Avi-tag (Catalog # AVI689) was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by Coomassie® Blue staining, showing bands at 54-60 kDa and 108-120 kDa.

Reconstitution Calculator

Background: GITR/TNFRSF18

GITR (glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor), also known as AITR and TNFRSF18, is a 40 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that functions in immune regulation (1, 2). Mature human GITR consists of a 137 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with three tandem TNFR cysteine-rich repeats, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 58 aa cytoplasmic domain (3, 4). Within the ECD, human GITR shares 55% and 60% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat GITR, respectively. Alternative splicing generates an isoform with a short deletion in the cytoplasmic domain and a potentially secreted isoform that is substituted within the third TNFR repeat and lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions. GITR is expressed on CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells (Treg) as well as on subsets of thymocytes, lymph node cells, and splenocytes (4-6), and it is upregulated on antigen-activated conventional CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells (3, 4, 6, 7). GITR binding by GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 costimulates the proliferation and activation of CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ conventional T cells (3, 7-9). It also induces the proliferation of Treg (8, 10) but inhibits the ability of Treg to suppress immune responses (5, 8, 11-13). This can result in the development of autoimmunity, increased tumor cell killing by effector T cells (5, 11), and increased inflammation in arthritis, allergic asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease (10, 14). GITR is also expressed on sympathetic neurons where it enhances NGF-induced neurite outgrowth and branching (15).

References

Clouthier, D.L. and T.H. Watts (2014) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 25:91.
Ronchetti, S. et al. (2015) J. Immunol. Res. 2015:171520.
Gurney, A.L. et al. (1999) Curr. Biol. 9:215.
Kwon, B. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:6056.
Shimizu, J. et al. (2002) Nat. Immunol. 3:135.
Nocentini, G. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:6216.
Muriglan, S.J. et al. (2004) J. Exp. Med. 200:149.
Ronchetti, S. et al. (2004) Eur. J. Immunol. 34:613.
Tone, M. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:15059.
Ephrem, A. et al. (2013) Eur. J. Immunol. 43:2421.
Ko, K. et al. (2005) J. Exp. Med. 202:885.
Ji, H. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:5823.
Stephens, G.L. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 173:5008.
Patel, M. et al. (2005) Eur. J. Immunol. 35:3581.
O'Keeffe, G.W. et al. (2008) Nat. Neurosci. 11:135.

Long Name

Glucocorticoid Induced TNF Receptor Family Related Gene

Entrez Gene IDs

8784 (Human); 21936 (Mouse); 500598 (Rat); 102146362 (Cynomolgus Monkey)

Alternate Names

Activation-inducible TNFR family receptor; AITR; AITRTNF receptor superfamily activation-inducible protein; CD357 antigen; CD357; GITR; GITR-D; GITRtumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18; Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein; TNFRSF18; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 18