SP 600125
Chemical Name: Anthra[1-9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one
Purity: ≥98%
Biological Activity
SP 600125 is a selective JNK inhibitor. Competitively and reversibly inhibits JNK1, 2 and 3 (IC50 = 40 - 90 nM) with negligible activity at ERK2, p38β and a range of enzymes. Active in vivo. Exhibits reduced selectivity over other protein kinases under certain conditions. SP 600125 protects renal tubular epithelial cells from ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis. Promotes chondrogenesis of bone mesenchymal stem cells by inhibition of TNF-α-induced inflammation. Adipogenesis from MSCs is also promoted by SP 600125. Essential component of medium for maintaining stem cells in naive pluripotent state.SP 600125 synthesized to Ancillary Material Grade also available.
Technical Data
The technical data provided above is for guidance only.
For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Background References
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Derivation of novel human ground state naive pluripotent stem cells.
Gafni O, Weinberger L, Mansour AA et al.
Nature -
Activation of JNKs is essential for BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
Zhao et al.
BMB Rep., 2013;46:422 -
SP600125, an anthrapyrazolone inhibitor of Jun N-terminal kinase.
Bennett et al.
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A., 2001;98:13681 -
TAK1/JNK and p38 have opposite effects on rat hepatic stellate cells.
Schnabl et al.
Hepatology, 2001;34:953 -
SP600125, a selective JNK inhibitor, protects ischemic renal injury via suppressing the extrinsic pathways of apoptosis.
Wang et al.
Life Sci., 2007;80:2067 -
SP600125 restored TNF-α-induced impaired chondrogenesis in bone mesenchymal stem cells and its antiosteoarthritis effect in mice.
Ding et al.
Stem Cells Dev., 2021;30:1028 -
Negative regulation of adipogenesis from human mesenchymal stem cells by Jun N-terminal kinase.
Tominaga et al.
Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun., 2005;326:499
Product Datasheets
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Citations for SP 600125
The citations listed below are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for SP 600125 include:
108 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Purpurogallin Protects Keratinocytes from Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Ultraviolet B Radiation and Particulate Matter 2.5.
Authors: Zhen Et al.
Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019;27:395
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Scratching Counteracts IL-13 Signaling by Upregulating the Decoy Receptor IL-13Rα2 in Keratinocytes.
Authors: Ulzii Et al.
Int J Mol Sci 2019;20
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The peroxidase PRDX1 inhibits the activated phenotype in mammary fibroblasts through regulating c-Jun N-terminal kinases.
Authors: Jezierska-Drutel Et al.
BMC Cancer 2019;19:812
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Vasoactive intestinal peptide controls the suprachiasmatic circadian clock network via ERK1/2 and DUSP4 signalling.
Authors: Hamnett Et al.
Nat Commun 2019;10:542
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Enhanced Glycolysis Supports Cell Survival in EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma by Inhibiting Autophagy-Mediated EGFR Degradation.
Authors: Kim Et al.
Cancer Res 2018;78:4482
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Ins. mutations impair beta-cell development in a patient-derived iPSC model of neonatal diabetes.
Authors: Balboa Et al.
Elife 2018;7
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Suppressive effects of berberine on atherosclerosis via downregulating visfatin expression and attenuating visfatin-induced endothelial dysfunction.
Authors: Wan Et al.
Int J Mol Med 2018;41:1939
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Improving Cell Survival in Injected Embryos Allows Primed Pluripotent Stem Cells to Generate Chimeric Cynomolgus Monkeys.
Authors: Kang Et al.
Cell Rep 2018;25:2563
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Trehalose Activates CRE-Dependent Transcriptional Signaling in HT22 Mouse Hippocampal Neuronal Cells: A Central Role for PKA Without cAMP Elevation.
Authors: Maronde
Front Mol Neurosci 2018;11:386
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Capsaicin-induced TRIB3 upregulation promotes apoptosis in cancer cells.
Authors: Lin Et al.
Cancer Manag Res 2018;10:4237
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Type I and Type III IF.s Display Different Dependency on Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases to Mount an Antiviral State in the Human Gut.
Authors: Pervolaraki Et al.
Front Immunol 2017;8:459
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Induction of Bex genes by curcumin is associated with apoptosis and activation of p53 in N2a neuroblastoma cells.
Authors: Sidhar and Giri
Sci Rep 2017;7:41420
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TRIB3 downregulation enhances doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in gastric cancer cells.
Authors: Wu
Arch Biochem Biophys 2017;622:26
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TNFα induces tolerant production of CXC chemokines in colorectal cancer HCT116 cells via A20 inhibition of ERK signaling.
Authors: Zhou
Int Immunopharmacol 2017;54:296
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Focal Adhesion Kinase Promotes the Progression of Aortic Aneurysm by Modulating Macrophage Behavior.
Authors: Harada Et al.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017;37:156
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Hypothalamic AMPK-ER Stress-JNK1 Axis Mediates the Central Actions of Thyroid Hormones on Energy Balance.
Authors: Martínez-Sánchez Et al.
Cell Metab 2017;26:212
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Derivation of Pluripotent Stem Cells with In Vivo Embryonic and Extraembryonic Potency.
Authors: Yang Et al.
Cell 2017;169:243
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Cannabinoid receptor 1 contributes to sprouted innervation in endometrial ectopic growth through mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.
Authors: Han
Brain Res 2017;1663:132
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WNT5a is required for normal ovarian follicle development and antagonizes g.tropin responsiveness in granulosa cells by suppressing canonical WNT signaling.
Authors: Abedini Et al.
FASEB J 2016;30:1534
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Estrogen receptor β controls MMP-19 expression in mouse ovaries during ovulation.
Authors: Nalvarte Et al.
Reproduction 2016;151:253
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Derivation of Patient Specific Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Clinically Discarded Cumulus Cells.
Authors: Chang Et al.
PLoS One 2016;11:e0165715
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18α-glycyrrhetinic acid lethality for neuroblastoma cells via de-regulating the Beclin-1/Bcl-2 complex and inducing apoptosis.
Authors: Rahman Et al.
Biochemical Pharmacology 2016;117:97
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Effects of jnk inhibitor on inflammation and fibrosis in the ovary tissue of a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome.
Authors: Bulut Et al.
Exp Hematol Oncol 2015;8:8774
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Hyperphosphate-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy through the GATA-4/NFAT-3 Signaling Pathway Is Attenuated by ERK Inhibitor Treatment.
Authors: Liu Et al.
Int J Mol Sci 2015;5:79
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Tissue factor/factor VIIa signalling promotes cytokine-induced beta cell death and impairs glucose-stimulated Ins secretion from human pancreatic islets.
Authors: Edén Et al.
Diabetologia 2015;58:2563
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Analysis of the anti-proliferative and the pro-apoptotic efficacy of Syk inhibition in multiple myeloma.
Authors: Koerber Et al.
Nat Commun 2015;4:21
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Free fatty acids shift Ins-induced hepatocyte proliferation towards CD95-dependent apoptosis.
Authors: Sommerfeld Et al.
J Biomed Sci 2015;290:4398
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Black Rice Anthocyanins Suppress Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells by Targeting RAS/RAF/MAPK Pathway.
Authors: Chen Et al.
Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015;2015:414250
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Inhibition of G9a Histone Methyltransferase Converts Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Cardiac Competent Progenitors.
Authors: Yang Et al.
PLoS One 2015;2015:270428
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Neutrophil IL-1β processing induced by pneumolysin is mediated by the NLRP3/ASC inflammasome and caspase-1 activation and is dependent on K+ efflux.
Authors: Karmakar Et al.
Nat Commun 2015;194:1763
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Inhibitory effect of STAT on inflammation-related pathways in human abdominal aortic aneurysm tissue.
Authors: Yoshimura Et al.
Biomed Res Int 2015;16:11213
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Activation of transcription factor AP-1 in response to thermal injury in rat small intestine and IEC-6 cells.
Authors: Zhang Et al.
BMC Gastroenterol 2015;15:83
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The Effects of the Endocannabinoids Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol on Human Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation.
Authors: Smith Et al.
J Biol Chem 2015;10:e0136546
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Maintenance of Mouse Nephron Progenitor Cells in Aggregates with Gamma-Secretase Inhibitor.
Authors: Yuri Et al.
PLoS One 2015;10:e0129242
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Adiponectin ameliorates experimental periodontitis in diet-induced obesity mice.
Authors: Zhang Et al.
PLoS One 2014;9:e97824
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Differential effects of the Toll-like receptor 2 agonists, PGN and Pam3CSK4 on anti-IgE induced human mast cell activation.
Authors: Yu Et al.
PLoS One 2014;9:e112989
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Angiogenic growth factors augment K-Cl cotransporter expression in erythroid cells via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α.
Authors: Gonsalves Et al.
Am J Hematol 2014;89:273
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Endocannabinoids modulate cortical development by configuring Slit2/Robo1 signalling.
Authors: Alpár Et al.
Steroids 2014;5:4421
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miR-155 induced transcriptome changes in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line leads to enhanced mitogen activated protein kinase signaling.
Authors: Martin Et al.
Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2014;5:353
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AMP-activated protein kinase determines apoptotic sensitivity of cancer cells to ginsenoside-Rh2.
Authors: Kim Et al.
J Ginseng Res 2014;38:16
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Central SDF-1/CXCL12 expression and its cardiovascular and sympathetic effects: the role of angiotensin II, TNF-α, and MAP kinase signaling.
Authors: Wei Et al.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014;307:H1643
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P2Y2 nucleotide receptor activation enhances the aggregation and self-organization of dispersed salivary epithelial cells.
Authors: El-Sayed Et al.
J Cell Mol Med 2014;307:C83
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Activation of pattern recognition receptors in brown adipocytes induces inflammation and suppresses uncoupling protein 1 expression and mitochondrial respiration.
Authors: Bae Et al.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014;306:C918
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ERK/MAPK regulates ERRγ expression, transcriptional activity and receptor-mediated tamox. resistance in ER+ breast cancer.
Authors: Heckler Et al.
FEBS J 2014;281:2431
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Decrease of PKB/Akt Phosphorylation is Partially Mediated by SAPK/JNK Activation in Serum-free L6 Myoblasts Starved with Low Glucose.
Authors: Kim Et al.
J Phys Ther Sci 2014;26:1757
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Protective effect of Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) on angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells.
Authors: Huang Et al.
BMC Complement Altern Med 2014;14:358
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Suppression of MAPK/JNK-MTORC1 signaling leads to premature loss of organelles and nuclei by autophagy during terminal differentiation of lens fiber cells.
Authors: Basu Et al.
Autophagy 2014;10:1193
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Transcriptional regulation of an Ins-sensitizing adipokine adipolin/CTRP12 in adipocytes by Krüppel-like factor 15.
Authors: Enomoto Et al.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013;8:e83183
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Fibroblast growth factor-4 enhances proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cells via activation of c-Jun signaling.
Authors: Kook Et al.
PLoS One 2013;8:e71641
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Sphingosine 1-phosphate counteracts the effects of interleukin-1β in human chondrocytes.
Authors: Stradner Et al.
Genes Cancer 2013;65:2113
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The role of bioactive nanofibers in enamel regeneration mediated through integrin signals acting upon C/EBPα and c-Jun.
Authors: Huang Et al.
Biomaterials 2013;34:3303
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PI3K-Akt signaling activates mTOR-mediated epileptogenesis in organotypic hippocampal culture model of post-traumatic epilepsy.
Authors: Berdichevsky Et al.
J Neurosci 2013;33:9056
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Arginase-II induces vascular smooth muscle cell senescence and apoptosis through p66Shc and p53 independently of its l-arginine ureahydrolase activity: implications for atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability.
Authors: Xiong Et al.
J Am Heart Assoc 2013;2:e000096
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A Taiwanese Propolis Derivative Induces Apoptosis through Inducing Endoplasmic Reticular Stress and Activating Transcription Factor-3 in Human Hepatoma Cells.
Authors: Suk Et al.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:658370
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Label-free integrative pharmacology on-target of opioid ligands at the opioid receptor family.
Authors: Morse Et al.
BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2013;14:17
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Identification and characterization of a novel class of c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors.
Authors: Schepetkin Et al.
Mol Pharmacol 2012;81:832
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Desipramine protects neuronal cell death and induces heme oxygenase-1 expression in Mes23.5 DArgic neurons.
Authors: Lin Et al.
PLoS One 2012;7:e50138
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Free fatty acid palmitate impairs the vitality and function of cultured human bladder smooth muscle cells.
Authors: Oberbach Et al.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012;7:e41026
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Activation of canonical Wnt signalling is required for TGF-β-mediated fibrosis.
Authors: Akhmetshina Et al.
Stem Cells Int 2012;3:735
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Fibroblast growth factor-23 abolishes 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-enhanced duodenal calcium transport in male mice.
Authors: Khuituan Et al.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012;302:E903
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Cyclic AMP increases COX-2 expression via mitogen-activated kinase in human myometrial cells.
Authors: Chen Et al.
PLoS One 2012;16:1447
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Inflammatory muscle pain is dependent on the activation of kinin B1 and B2 receptors and intracellular kinase pathways.
Authors: Meotti Et al.
Br J Pharmacol 2012;166:1127
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Ligand-directed functional selectivity at the mu opioid receptor revealed by label-free integrative pharmacology on-target.
Authors: Morse Et al.
PLoS One 2011;6:e25643
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Mitochondrial localized STAT3 is involved in NGF induced neurite outgrowth.
Authors: Zhou and Too
Arthritis Rheum 2011;6:e21680
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Reversible differentiation of myofibroblasts by MyoD.
Authors: Hecker Et al.
J Biol Chem 2011;317:1914
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Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 2 regulates nerve growth factor release to induce airway inflammation via a reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway.
Authors: Ye Et al.
J Inflamm (Lond) 2011;300:L216
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JNK suppression is essential for 17β-OE inhibits prostaglandin E2-Induced uPA and MMP-9 expressions and cell migration in human LoVo colon cancer cells.
Authors: Hsu Et al.
PLoS One 2011;18:61
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MUC5AC expression through bidirectional communication of Notch and epidermal growth factor receptor pathways.
Authors: Kang Et al.
J Immunol 2011;187:222
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Thrombin-induced Migration and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression Are Regulated by MAPK and PI3K Pathways in C6 Glioma Cells.
Authors: Kim Et al.
Nat Commun 2011;15:211
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Carnosic acid induces the NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression in rat clone 9 cells through the p38/nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 pathway.
Authors: Tsai Et al.
J Nutr 2011;141:2119
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Phosphorylation of Junb family proteins by the Jun N-terminal kinase supports tissue regeneration in zebrafish.
Authors: Ishida Et al.
Dev Biol 2010;340:468
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Prevention of premature senescence requires JNK regulation of Bcl-2 and reactive oxygen species.
Authors: Lee Et al.
Oncogene 2010;29:561
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miR-155 and its star-form partner miR-155* cooperatively regulate type I IF. production by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
Authors: Zhou Et al.
Blood 2010;116:5885
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Bone morphogenic protein-4 impairs endothelial function through oxidative stress-dependent cyclooxygenase-2 upregulation: implications on hypertension.
Authors: Wong Et al.
Circ Res 2010;107:984
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c-Jun protects hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha from degradation via its oxygen-dependent degradation domain in a nontranscriptional manner.
Authors: Yu Et al.
Cancer Res 2009;69:7704
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AMP kinase signaling determines whether c-Jun N-terminal kinase promotes survival or apoptosis during glucose deprivation.
Authors: Yun Et al.
Carcinogenesis 2009;30:529
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PHR regulates growth cone pausing at intermediate targets through microtubule disassembly.
Authors: Hendricks and Jesuthasan
J Neurosci 2009;29:6593
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Ethanol augments RANTES/CCL5 expression in rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and human endothelial cells via activation of NF-kappa B, HIF-1 alpha, and AP-1.
Authors: Yeligar Et al.
J Immunol 2009;183:5964
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Transcriptional regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 release by endothelin-1 in human airway smooth muscle cells involves NF-kappaB and AP-1.
Authors: Sutcliffe Et al.
Br J Pharmacol 2009;157:436
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The expression of the beta-defensins hBD-2 and hBD-3 is differentially regulated by NF-kappaB and MAPK/AP-1 pathways in an in vitro model of Candida esophagitis.
Authors: Steubesand Et al.
BMC Immunol 2009;10:36
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15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 up-regulates death receptor 5 gene expression in HCT116 cells: involvement of reactive oxygen species and C/EBP homologous transcription factor gene transcription.
Authors: Su Et al.
Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7:3429
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Glioma regression in vitro and in vivo by a suicide combined treatment.
Authors: García-Escudero Et al.
Exp Cell Res 2008;6:407
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Mitogen-activated protein kinases mediate upregulation of hypothalamic angiotensin II type 1 receptors in heart failure rats.
Authors: Wei Et al.
Hypertension 2008;52:679
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Reactive oxygen species stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha protein and stimulate transcriptional activity via AMP-activated protein kinase in DU145 human prostate cancer cells.
Authors: Jung Et al.
Carcinogenesis 2008;29:713
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MAP kinases mediate interleukin-13 effects on calcium signaling in human airway smooth muscle cells.
Authors: Moynihan Et al.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008;295:L171
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c-Jun controls histone modifications, NF-kappaB recruitment, and RNA polymerase II function to activate the ccl2 gene.
Authors: Wolter Et al.
Mol Cell Biol 2008;28:4407
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Transcriptional regulation of EGR-1 by the interleukin-1-JNK-MKK7-c-Jun pathway.
Authors: Hoffmann Et al.
J Biol Chem 2008;283:12120
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Ceramide induces p38 MAPK and JNK activation through a mechanism involving a thioredoxin-interacting protein-mediated pathway.
Authors: Chen Et al.
Blood 2008;111:4365
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Induction of human beta-defensin 2 by the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is mediated through flagellin.
Authors: Schlee Et al.
Infect Immun 2007;75:2399
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Delayed and persistent ERK1/2 activation is required for 4-hydroxytamoxifen-induced cell death.
Authors: Zhou Et al.
Mol Cancer Res 2007;72:765
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5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside sensitizes TRAIL- and TNF{alpha}-induced cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells through AMP-activated protein kinase signaling.
Authors: Su Et al.
Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6:1562
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Requirement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase for long-term potentiation in adult mouse anterior cingulate cortex.
Authors: Toyoda Et al.
Mol Pain 2007;3:36
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PacT.-induced nuclear translocation of FOXO3a in breast cancer cells is mediated by c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and Akt.
Authors: Sunters Et al.
Cancer Res 2006;66:212
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Different roles for non-receptor tyrosine kinases in arachidonate release induced by zymosan and Staphylococcus aureus in macrophages.
Authors: Olsson and Sundler
J Immunol 2006;3:8
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PacT. (Taxol) upregulates expression of functional interleukin-6 in human ovarian cancer cells through multiple signaling pathways.
Authors: Wang Et al.
Oncogene 2006;25:4857
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Cingulin regulates claudin-2 expression and cell proliferation through the small GTPase RhoA.
Authors: Guillemot and Citi
Mol Biol Cell 2006;17:3569
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Two distinct signaling pathways regulate peroxynitrite-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.
Authors: Shacka Et al.
Cardiorenal Med 2006;13:1506
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Transforming growth factor-beta1 regulates macrophage migration via RhoA.
Authors: Kim Et al.
Blood 2006;108:1821
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Direct phosphorylation and regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 by extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2.
Authors: Kauppinen Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006;103:7136
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Estrogen receptor alpha pathway is involved in the regulation of Calbindin-D9k in the uterus of immature rats.
Authors: Lee Et al.
Toxicol Sci 2005;84:270
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Inhibition of c-Jun-N-terminal-kinase sensitizes tumor cells to CD95-induced apoptosis and induces G2/M cell cycle arrest.
Authors: Kuntzen Et al.
Cancer Res 2005;65:6780
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Glucose deprivation increases mRNA stability of vascular endothelial growth factor through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in DU145 prostate carcinoma.
Authors: Yun Et al.
Blood 2005;280:9963
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MEK1-dependent delayed expression of Fos-related antigen-1 counteracts c-Fos and p65 NF-kappaB-mediated interleukin-8 transcription in response to cytokines or growth factors.
Authors: Hoffmann Et al.
J Biol Chem 2005;280:9706
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Oxygen-sensitive {δ}-opioid receptor-regulated survival and death signals: novel insights into neuronal preconditioning and protection.
Authors: Ma Et al.
PLoS One 2005;280:16208
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Induction of apoptosis and stress response in ovarian carcinoma cell lines treated with ST1926, an atypical retinoid.
Authors: Zuco Et al.
Cell Death Differ 2004;11:280
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Disruption of the c-JUN-JNK complex by a cell-permeable peptide containing the c-JUN delta domain induces apoptosis and affects a distinct set of interleukin-1-induced inflammatory genes.
Authors: Holzberg Et al.
J Biol Chem 2003;278:40213
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Mechanisms in LPA-induced tumor cell migration: critical role of phosphorylated ERK.
Authors: Stähle Et al.
J Cell Sci 2003;116:3835
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Acadesine activates AMPK and induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells but not in T lymphocytes.
Authors: Campàs Et al.
Cell Death Differ 2003;101:3674
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