TGF-beta 2 Antibody

Catalog #: AB-112-NA
2 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS

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AB-112-NA

Detection of Human TGF‑ beta 2 by Western Blot.

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All TGF-beta 2 Antibodies

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Citations (2)

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TGF-beta 2 Antibody Summary

Specificity

Detects TGF-beta 2 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs and Western blots, this antibody is highly specific for TGF-beta 2 and
TGF‑ beta 1.2 but will cross-react with other TGF-beta variants with at least 100-fold lower sensitivity. It will also neutralize the biological activity of TGF-beta 1.2, at a 50 fold higher IgG concentration.

Source

Polyclonal Goat IgG

Purification

Protein A or G purified

Immunogen

Porcine platelet-derived TGF-beta 2

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose.

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Label

Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration

Sample

Western Blot

0.25 µg/mL

See below

Simple Western

2.5 µg/mL

See below

Neutralization

Measured by its ability to neutralize TGF‑ beta 2 inhibition of IL‑4-dependent proliferation in the HT‑2 mouse T cell line [Tsang, M. et al. (1995) Cytokine 7:389]. The Neutralization Dose (ND₅₀) is typically 0.3-1.5 µg/mL in the presence of 1 ng/mL Porcine TGF‑ beta 2 and 7.5 ng/mL Recombinant Mouse IL‑4.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Western Blot

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Detection of Human TGF‑ beta 2 by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysates of human heart tissue and human breast cancer tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.25 µg/mL of Goat Anti-TGF-beta 2 Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AB-112-NA) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). A specific band was detected for TGF-beta 2 at approximately 70 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Simple Western

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Detection of Human TGF‑ beta 2 by Simple Western^TM. Simple Western lane view shows lysates of human heart tissue and human breast cancer tissue, loaded at 0.2 mg/mL. A specific band was detected for TGF-beta 2 at approximately 63 kDa (as indicated) using 2.5 µg/mL of Goat Anti-TGF-beta 2 Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AB-112-NA) followed by 1:50 dilution of HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF109). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using the 12-230 kDa separation system.

Neutralization

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TGF‑ beta 2 Inhibition of IL‑4-dependent Cell Proliferation and Neutralization by TGF‑ beta 2 Antibody. Porcine TGF-beta 2 (Catalog # 102-B2) inhibits Recombinant Mouse IL-4 (Catalog # 404-ML) induced proliferation in the HT-2 mouse T cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Inhibition of Recombinant Mouse IL-4 (7.5 ng/mL) activity elicited by Porcine TGF-beta 2 (1 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Sheep Anti-TGF-beta 2 Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AB-112-NA). The ND₅₀ is typically 0.3-1.5 µg/mL.

Reconstitution Calculator

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 1 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Shipping

The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: TGF-beta 2

TGF-beta 2 (transforming growth factor beta 2) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta superfamily that share a characteristic cysteine knot structure (1-7). TGF-beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1-4). Each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions; for TGF-beta 2, mice with targeted deletion show defects in development of cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limb, eye, ear and urogenital systems (2). Human TGF-beta 2 cDNA encodes a 414 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 19 aa signal peptide and a 395 aa proprotein (8). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N-terminal 232 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF- beta 2 (8, 9). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 2 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex (8-10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF-beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature human TGF-beta 2 shows 100% aa identity with porcine, canine, equine and bovine TGF-beta 2, and 97% aa identity with mouse and rat TGF-beta 2. It demonstrates cross-species activity (1). TGF-beta 2 signaling begins with binding to a complex of the accessory receptor betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates another ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF-beta RI (also called activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) -5), or alternatively, ALK-1. The whole complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Use of other signaling pathways that are Smad-independent allows for disparate actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts (11).

References

Sporn, M.B. (2006) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:3.
Dunker, N. and K. Krieglstein, 2000, Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.
Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.
Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.
Lin, J.S. et al. (2006) Reproduction 132:179.
Hinck, A.P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8517.
Mittl, P.R.E. et al. (1996) Protein Sci. 5:1261.
deMartin, R. et al. (1987) EMBO J. 6:3673.1.
Miyazono, K. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:6407.
Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.
de Caestecker, M. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:1.
Zuniga, J.E. et al. (2005) J. Mol. Biol. 354:1052.

Long Name

Transforming Growth Factor beta 2

Entrez Gene IDs

7042 (Human); 21808 (Mouse); 397084 (Porcine)

Alternate Names

BSC-1 cell growth inhibitor; cetermin; Glioblastoma-derived T-cell suppressor factor; G-TSF; MGC116892; polyergin; TGFB2; TGFbeta 2; TGF-beta 2; TGF-beta2; TGF-beta-2; transforming growth factor beta-2; transforming growth factor, beta 2

Product Datasheets

Product Datasheet

COA

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Citations for TGF-beta 2 Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

2 Citations: Showing 1 - 2
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Divergent single cell transcriptome and epigenome alterations in ALS and FTD patients with C9orf72 mutation
Authors: Li J, Jaiswal MK, Chien JF et al.
Nat Commun
TGF-beta2 interfering oligonucleotides used as adjuvants for microbial vaccines
Authors: L Tu, X Sun, L Yang, T Zhang, X Zhang, X Li, B Dong, Y Liu, M Yang, L Wang, Y Yu
J. Leukoc. Biol., 2020-08-13;0(0):.
Species: Human, Mouse
Sample Types: Cell Lysates, Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry, Western Blot