CNQX
Chemical Name: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
Purity: ≥99%
Biological Activity
CNQX is an AMPA and kainate receptor antagonist (IC50 values are 0.3 μM and 1.5 μM for AMPA and kainate receptors, respectively). CNQX is also an antagonist at the glycine modulatory site on the NMDA receptor complex (IC50 = 25 μM). CNQX can be used to isolate GABAA receptor-mediated spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents and antagonizes non-NMDA receptor-mediated responses in cultured cerebellar granule cells. CNQX shows neuroprotective effects in models of ischemia and inhibits seizure-like activity in hippocampal neurons.CNQX Disodium Salt (Cat. No. 1045) also available.
Technical Data
The technical data provided above is for guidance only.
For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Additional Information
Background References
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Quinoxalinediones: potent competitive non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists.
Honore et al.
Science, 1988;241:701 -
Structure-activity relationships in the development of excitatory amino acid receptor agonists and competitive antagonists.
Watkins et al.
TiPS, 1990;11:25 -
Antagonism of synaptic potentials in ventral horn neurones by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: a study in the rat spinal cord in vitro.
King et al.
Br.J.Pharmacol., 1992;107:375 -
Effect of 6-cyano-2,3-dihydroxy-7-nitro-quinoxaline (CNQX) on dorsal root-, NMDA-, kainate and quisqualate-mediated depolarization of rat motoneurones in vitro.
Long et al.
Br.J.Pharmacol., 1990;100:850
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Citations for CNQX
The citations listed below are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for CNQX include:
214 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Feeding induced by cannabinoids is mediated independently of the melanocortin system.
Authors: Sinnayah Et al.
PLoS One ;3:e2202
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Differences in glutamate uptake between cortical regions impact neuronal NMDA receptor activation.
Authors: Romanos Et al.
Commun Biol 2019;2:127
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Pharmacological Dissection of Intrinsic Optical Signal Reveals a Functional Coupling between Synaptic Activity and Astrocytic Volume Transient.
Authors: Woo Et al.
Exp Neurobiol 2019;28:30
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Transient, Consequential Increases in Extracellular Potassium Ions Accompany Channelrhodopsin2 Excitation.
Authors: Octeau Et al.
Cell Rep 2019;27:2249
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KA metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorKA enhances aggression via periaqueductal gray glutamatergic transmission.
Authors: Yu Et al.
Neuropharmacology 2019;157
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Prenatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) exposure induces working memory and social recognition deficits by disrupting inhibitory synaptic networks in male mice.
Authors: Yu Et al.
Mol Brain 2019;12:29
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DA neuron glutamate cotransmission evokes a delayed excitation in lateral dorsal striatal cholinergic interneurons.
Authors: Chuhma Et al.
Elife 2018;7
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The Mouse Pulvinar Nucleus Links the Lateral Extrastriate Cortex, Striatum, and Amygdala.
Authors: Zhou Et al.
J Neurosci 2018;38:347
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All-optical synaptic electrophysiology probes mechanism of ketamine-induced disinhibition.
Authors: Fan Et al.
Nat Methods 2018;15:823
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(2R,6R)-hydroxynorKA rescues chronic stress-induced depression-like behavior through its actions in the midbrain periaqueductal gray.
Authors: Chou Et al.
Neuropharmacology 2018;139:1
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Proximodistal Heterogeneity of Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neuron Intrinsic Properties, Connectivity, and Reactivation during Memory Recall.
Authors: Sun Et al.
Neuron 2017;95:656
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IGF1-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity of Mitral Cells in Olfactory Memory during Social Learning.
Authors: Liu Et al.
Neuron 2017;95:106
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Excitotoxic inactivation of constitutive oxidative stress detoxification pathway in neurons can be rescued by PKD1.
Authors: Pose-Utrilla Et al.
Nat Commun 2017;8:2275
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Impairments of spatial memory in an Alzheimer's disease model via degeneration of hippocampal cholinergic synapses.
Authors: Zhu Et al.
Nat Commun 2017;8:1676
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Differential processing of thalamic information via distinct striatal interneuron circuits.
Authors: Assous
Nat Commun 2017;8:15860
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Amygdalar endothelin-1 regulates pyramidal neuron excitability and affects anxiety.
Authors: Chen Et al.
Sci Rep 2017;7:2316
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A novel crosstalk within the endocannabinoid system controls GABA transmission in the striatum.
Authors: Musella
Sci Rep 2017;7(1):7363
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The RNA-Binding Protein hnRNP K Mediates the Effect of BDNF on Dendritic mRNA Metabolism and Regulates Synaptic NMDA Receptors in Hippocampal Neurons.
Authors: Leal Et al.
Eneuro 2017;4
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Astrocytes modulate thalamic sensory processing via mGlu2 receptor activation.
Authors: Copeland Et al.
Neuropharmacology 2017;121:100
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Increased GABAB receptor signaling in a rat model for schizophrenia
Authors: Selten Et al.
Scientific Reports 2016;6:34240
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A cholinergic basal forebrain feeding circuit modulates appetite suppression
Authors: Herman Et al.
Nature 2016;538:253
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A pre-docking source for the power-law behavior of spontaneous quantal release: application to the analysis of LTP.
Authors: Lamanna Et al.
Cell Rep 2015;9:44
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Dendritic morphology, synaptic transmission, and activity of mature granule cells born following PilC-induced status epilepticus in the rat.
Authors: Gao Et al.
Front Cell Neurosci 2015;9:384
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Reduction in focal ictal activity following transplantation of MGE interneurons requires expression of the GABAA receptor α4 subunit.
Authors: Jaiswal Et al.
Cell Death Dis 2015;9:127
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Functional changes in glutamate transporters and astrocyte biophysical properties in a rodent model of focal cortical dysplasia.
Authors: Campbell Et al.
Front Cell Neurosci 2015;8:425
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LRP8-Reelin-Regulated Neuronal Enhancer Signature Underlying Learning and Memory Formation.
Authors: Telese Et al.
Neuron 2015;86:696
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Calcium flux-independent NMDA receptor activity is required for Aβ oligomer-induced synaptic loss.
Authors: Birnbaum Et al.
PLoS One 2015;6:e1791
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Brain ischemia downregulates the neuroprotective GDNF-Ret signaling by a calpain-dependent mechanism in cultured hippocampal neurons.
Authors: Curcio Et al.
Eneuro 2015;6:e1645
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Wnt signalling tunes neurotransmitter release by directly targeting Synaptotagmin-1.
Authors: Ciani Et al.
Front Neurol 2015;6:8302
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miR-26a and miR-384-5p are required for LTP maintenance and spine enlargement.
Authors: Gu Et al.
Nat Commun 2015;6:6789
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Interactions of Human Autoantibodies with Hippocampal GABAergic Synaptic Transmission - Analyzing Antibody-Induced Effects ex vivo.
Authors: Haselmann Et al.
Cell Death Dis 2015;6:136
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Nitric oxide targets oligodendrocytes and promotes their morphological differentiation.
Authors: Garthwaite Et al.
Front Cell Neurosci 2015;63:383
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GABAergic disinhibition and impaired KCC2 cotransporter activity underlie tumor-associated epilepsy.
Authors: Campbell Et al.
Nat Commun 2015;63:23
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AMPA receptor mediated synaptic excitation drives state-dependent bursting in Purkinje neurons of zebrafish larvae.
Authors: Sengupta and Thirumalai
J Neurophysiol 2015;4
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Disruption of Fgf13 causes synaptic excitatory-inhibitory imbalance and genetic epilepsy and febrile seizures plus.
Authors: Puranam Et al.
J Neurosci 2015;35:8866
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Developmental changes in synaptic distribution in arcuate nucleus neurons.
Authors: Baquero Et al.
Glia 2015;35:8558
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Cholinergic control of γ power in the midbrain spatial attention network.
Authors: Bryant Et al.
J Neurosci 2015;35:761
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Oligodendrocytes Are Targets of HIV-1 Tat: NMDA and AMPA Receptor-Mediated Effects on Survival and Development.
Authors: Zou Et al.
J Neurosci 2015;35:11384
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Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance during the critical period of postnatal respiratory development in the rat.
Authors: Gao Et al.
Physiol Rep 2015;3
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TRPC3 channels critically regulate hippocampal excitability and contextual fear memory.
Authors: Neuner Et al.
Behav Brain Res 2015;281:69
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Asynchronous GABA Release Is a Key Determinant of Tonic Inhibition and Controls Neuronal Excitability: A Study in the Synapsin II-/- Mouse.
Authors: Medrihan Et al.
Cereb Cortex 2015;25:3356
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Selective Effects of PDE10A Inhibitors on Striatopallidal Neurons Require Phosphatase Inhibition by DARPP-32(1,2,3).
Authors: Polito Et al.
J Neurosci 2015;2
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β-Arrestin-2 knockout prevents development of cellular μ-opioid receptor tolerance but does not affect opioid-withdrawal-related adaptations in single PAG neurons.
Authors: Connor Et al.
Elife 2015;172:492
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Development and function of human cerebral cortex neural networks from pluripotent stem cells in vitro.
Authors: Kirwan Et al.
Development 2015;142:3178
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An Amacrine Cell Circuit for Signaling Steady Illumination in the Retina.
Authors: Jacoby Et al.
Br J Pharmacol 2015;13:2663
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Chloride Accumulators NKCC1 and AE2 in Mouse GnRH Neurons: Implications for GABAA Mediated Excitation.
Authors: Taylor-Burds Et al.
J Clin Invest 2015;10:e0131076
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G-Protein Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Minimally Regulates Melanopsin Activity in Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells.
Authors: Sexton and Gelder
PLoS One 2015;10:e0128690
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Presynaptic mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity: effects on vesicular release, vesicle clustering and mitochondria number.
Authors: Zhang Et al.
PLoS One 2015;10:e0127461
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MARK/Par1 Kinase Is Activated Downstream of NMDA Receptors through a PKA-Dependent Mechanism.
Authors: Bernard and Zhang
PLoS One 2015;10:e0124816
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Bursting reverberation as a multiscale neuronal network process driven by synaptic depression-facilitation.
Authors: Duc Et al.
J Neurosci 2015;10:e0124694
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Postsynaptic target specific synaptic dysfunctions in the CA3 area of BACE1 knockout mice.
Authors: Wang Et al.
PLoS One 2014;9:e92279
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Both neurons and astrocytes exhibited tetrodotoxin-resistant metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent spontaneous slow Ca2+ oscillations in striatum.
Authors: Tamura Et al.
PLoS One 2014;9:e85351
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The Ca2+ sensor protein swiprosin-1/EFhd2 is present in neurites and involved in kinesin-mediated transport in neurons.
Authors: Purohit Et al.
J Biol Chem 2014;9:e103976
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Dynamic properties of the alkaline vesicle population at hippocampal synapses.
Authors: Röther Et al.
PLoS One 2014;9:e102723
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Interleukin-1β causes excitotoxic neurodegeneration and multiple sclerosis disease progression by activating the apoptotic protein p53.
Authors: Rossi Et al.
Mol Neurodegener 2014;9:56
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Electrophysiological characterization of male goldfish (Carassius auratus) ventral preoptic area neurons receiving olfactory inputs.
Authors: Lado Et al.
Front Neurosci 2014;8:185
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Lamina-specific contribution of glutamatergic and GABAergic potentials to hippocampal sharp wave-ripple complexes.
Authors: Schönberger Et al.
J Neurosci 2014;8:103
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Synaptic plasticity in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission following chronic Mem. treatment in an in vitro model of limbic epileptogenesis.
Authors: He and Bausch
Neuropharmacology 2014;77:379
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Lactate-mediated glia-neuronal signalling in the mammalian brain.
Authors: Tang Et al.
Nat Commun 2014;5:3284
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Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species regulate the strength of inhibitory GABA-mediated synaptic transmission.
Authors: Accardi Et al.
Nat Commun 2014;5:3168
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Generation of induced neuronal cells by the single reprogramming factor ASCL1.
Authors: Chanda Et al.
Stem Cell Reports 2014;3:282
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Genetic elimination of GABAergic neurotransmission reveals two distinct pacemakers for spontaneous waves of activity in the developing mouse cortex.
Authors: Easton Et al.
J Neurosci 2014;34:3854
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GluA1 phosphorylation contributes to postsynaptic amplification of neuropathic pain in the insular cortex.
Authors: Qiu Et al.
J Neurosci 2014;34:13505
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Accumulation of GABAergic neurons, causing a focal ambient GABA gradient, and downregulation of KCC2 are induced during microgyrus formation in a mouse model of polymicrogyria.
Authors: Wang Et al.
Cereb Cortex 2014;24:1088
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Isoliquiritigenin, a chalcone compound, enhances spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic response.
Authors: Woo Et al.
Exp Neurobiol 2014;23:163
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Distinct temporal expression of 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors on cerebellar granule cells in mice.
Authors: Oostland Et al.
J Neurophysiol 2014;13:491
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Deranged NMDAergic cortico-subthalamic transmission underlies parkinsonian motor deficits.
Authors: Pan Et al.
Eur J Neurosci 2014;124:4629
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Synthesis, transport, and metabolism of serotonin formed from exogenously applied 5-HTP after spinal cord injury in rats.
Authors: Li Et al.
J Neurophysiol 2014;111:145
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GPR35 activation reduces Ca2+ transients and contributes to the kynurenic acid-dependent reduction of synaptic activity at CA3-CA1 synapses.
Authors: Berlinguer-Palmini Et al.
PLoS One 2013;8:e82180
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Hyperactivity of ON-type retinal ganglion cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
Authors: Yu Et al.
PLoS One 2013;8:e76049
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Region-specific integration of embryonic stem cell-derived neuronal precursors into a pre-existing neuronal circuit.
Authors: Neuser Et al.
PLoS One 2013;8:e66497
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NMDA-receptor activation but not ion flux is required for amyloid-β induced synaptic depression.
Authors: Tamburri Et al.
PLoS One 2013;8:e65350
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Activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors potentiates heteromeric kainate receptors.
Authors: Rojas Et al.
Mol Pharmacol 2013;83:106
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In vivo optogenetic tracing of functional corticocortical connections between motor forelimb areas.
Authors: Hira Et al.
J Neurosci 2013;7:55
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β-Noradrenergic receptor activation specifically modulates the generation of sighs in vivo and in vitro.
Authors: Viemari Et al.
EMBO J 2013;7:179
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Cortical interneurons that specialize in disinhibitory control.
Authors: Pi Et al.
Nature 2013;503:521
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Synapsin II desynchronizes neurotransmitter release at inhibitory synapses by interacting with presynaptic calcium channels.
Authors: Medrihan Et al.
Nat Commun 2013;4:1512
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Axonal translation of β-catenin regulates synaptic vesicle dynamics.
Authors: Taylor Et al.
J Neurosci 2013;33:5584
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Postnatal loss of P/Q-type channels confined to rhombic-lip-derived neurons alters synaptic transmission at the parallel fiber to purkinje cell synapse and replicates genomic Cacna1a mutation phenotype of ataxia and seizures in mice.
Authors: Maejima Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013;33:5162
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Ovarian hormone loss impairs excitatory synaptic transmission at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses.
Authors: Wu Et al.
J Neurosci 2013;33:16158
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An essential role for inhibitor-2 regulation of protein phosphatase-1 in synaptic scaling.
Authors: Siddoway Et al.
J Neurophysiol 2013;33:11206
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Extracellular signal-regulated kinase and glycogen synthase kinase 3β regulate gephyrin postsynaptic aggregation and GABAergic synaptic function in a calpain-dependent mechanism.
Authors: Tyagarajan Et al.
J Biol Chem 2013;288:9634
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Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation controls cell surface expression of γ-aminobutyric acid, type B receptors.
Authors: Zemoura Et al.
J Biol Chem 2013;288:34897
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Long-term potentiation of excitatory synaptic strength in spinothalamic tract neurons of the rat spinal cord.
Authors: Hur and Park
Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2013;17:553
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Regulation of ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase by NMDA-receptor-induced seizure activity in cortical slices.
Authors: Yamagata Et al.
Brain Res 2013;1507:1
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Independent circuits in the basal ganglia for the evaluation and selection of actions.
Authors: Stephenson-Jones Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013;110:E3670
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Synaptic and extrasynaptic transmission of kidney-related neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla.
Authors: Gao and Derbenev
J Neurophysiol 2013;110:2637
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Neurons generated by direct conversion of fibroblasts reproduce synaptic phenotype caused by autism-associated neuroligin-3 mutation.
Authors: Chanda Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013;110:16622
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Synaptic and extrasynaptic plasticity in glutamatergic circuits involving dentate granule cells following chronic N-MthD.-aspartate receptor inhibition.
Authors: He Et al.
J Neurophysiol 2013;109:1535
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Lovastatin modulates glycogen synthase kinase-3β pathway and inhibits mossy fiber sprouting after PilC-induced status epilepticus.
Authors: Lee Et al.
Neurochem Int 2012;7:e38789
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Differences in spontaneously avoiding or approaching mice reflect differences in CB1-mediated signaling of dorsal striatal transmission.
Authors: Laricchiuta Et al.
PLoS One 2012;7:e33260
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Activity-induced remodeling of olfactory bulb microcircuits revealed by monosynaptic tracing.
Authors: Arenkiel Et al.
PLoS One 2012;6:e29423
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Opposing Effects of Intrinsic Conductance and Correlated Synaptic Input on V-Fluctuations during Network Activity.
Authors: Kolind Et al.
Front Comput Neurosci 2012;6:40
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Increased Kv1 channel expression may contribute to decreased sIPSC frequency following chronic inhibition of NR2B-containing NMDAR.
Authors: He Et al.
Neuropsychopharmacology 2012;37:1338
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The role of inhibition in oscillatory wave dynamics in the cortex.
Authors: Xiao Et al.
Eur J Neurosci 2012;36:2201
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Calcium-dependent but action potential-independent BCM-like metaplasticity in the hippocampus.
Authors: Hulme Et al.
J Neurosci 2012;32:6785
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Interleukin-1β causes anxiety by interacting with the endocannabinoid system.
Authors: Rossi Et al.
J Neurosci 2012;32:13896
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Optimization of a GCaMP calcium indicator for neural activity imaging.
Authors: Akerboom Et al.
J Neurosci 2012;32:13819
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K+ depolarization evokes ATP, adenosine and glutamate release from glia in rat hippocampus: a microelectrode biosensor study.
Authors: Heinrich Et al.
Br J Pharmacol 2012;167:1003
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Altered neurotransmitter release, vesicle recycling and presynaptic structure in the PilC model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Authors: Upreti Et al.
Brain 2012;135:869
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Critical role of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in cortical spreading depression.
Authors: Tozzi Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012;109:18985
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Specificity and actions of an arylaspartate inhibitor of glutamate transport at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal cell synapse.
Authors: Sun Et al.
PLoS One 2011;6:e23765
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Functional refinement in the projection from ventral cochlear nucleus to lateral superior olive precedes hearing onset in rat.
Authors: Case Et al.
PLoS One 2011;6:e20756
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Capsaicin-induced changes in LTP in the lateral amygdala are mediated by TRPV1.
Authors: Zschenderlein Et al.
PLoS One 2011;6:e16116
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11-Deoxycortisol impedes GABAergic neurotransmission and induces drug-resistant status epilepticus in mice.
Authors: Kaminski Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011;60:1098
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Enhanced Synaptic Activity and Epileptiform Events in the Embryonic KCC2 Deficient Hippocampus.
Authors: Khalilov Et al.
Front Cell Neurosci 2011;5:23
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Concurrent imaging of synaptic vesicle recycling and calcium dynamics.
Authors: Li Et al.
Front Mol Neurosci 2011;4:34
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Activation of alpha-2 noradrenergic receptors is critical for the generation of fictive eupnea and fictive gasping inspiratory activities in mammals in vitro.
Authors: Viemari Et al.
Eur J Neurosci 2011;33:2228
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Profound desensitization by ambient GABA limits activation of δ-containing GABAA receptors during spillover.
Authors: Bright Et al.
J Neurosci 2011;31:753
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Homeostatic synaptic plasticity through changes in presynaptic calcium influx.
Authors: Zhao Et al.
Hear Res 2011;31:7492
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Delayed postnatal loss of P/Q-type calcium channels recapitulates the absence epilepsy, dyskinesia, and ataxia phenotypes of genomic Cacna1a mutations.
Authors: Mark Et al.
J Neurosci 2011;31:4311
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Ovarian hormone deficiency reduces intrinsic excitability and abolishes acute estrogen sensitivity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.
Authors: Wu Et al.
J Neurosci 2011;31:2638
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Attenuating GABA(A) receptor signaling in DA neurons selectively enhances reward learning and alters risk preference in mice.
Authors: Parker Et al.
J Neurosci 2011;31:17103
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Endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the nucleus tractus solitarius tonically regulates synaptic and autonomic function.
Authors: Clark Et al.
J Neurosci 2011;31:12318
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NMDA receptors in retrosplenial cortex are necessary for retrieval of recent and remote context fear memory.
Authors: Corcoran Et al.
J Neurosci 2011;31:11655
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Extensive remodeling of the presynaptic cytomatrix upon homeostatic adaptation to network activity silencing.
Authors: Lazarevic Et al.
J Neurosci 2011;31:10189
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Positive feedback regulation between γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor signaling and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release in developing neurons.
Authors: Porcher Et al.
Front Neural Circuits 2011;286:21667
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Lateral superior olive function in congenital deafness.
Authors: Couchman Et al.
J Neurosci 2011;277:163
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Exposure of neurons to excitotoxic levels of glutamate induces cleavage of the RNA editing enzyme, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2, and loss of GLUR2 editing.
Authors: Mahajan Et al.
Neuroscience 2011;189:305
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Inflammation alters trafficking of extrasynaptic AMPA receptors in tonically firing lamina II neurons of the rat spinal dorsal horn.
Authors: Kopach Et al.
Pain 2011;152:912
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Suppression of PKR promotes network excitability and enhanced cognition by IF.-γ-mediated disinhibition.
Authors: Zhu Et al.
Cell 2011;147:1384
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Leptin does not directly affect CNS serotonin neurons to influence appetite.
Authors: Lam Et al.
Cell Metab 2011;13:584
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Expression and functional properties of TRPM2 channels in DArgic neurons of the substantia nigra of the rat.
Authors: Chung Et al.
Front Neural Circuits 2011;106:2865
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A new mechanism for antiepileptic drug action: vesicular entry may mediate the effects of LeveT.
Authors: Meehan Et al.
J Biol Chem 2011;106:1227
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Network hyperexcitability in hippocampal slices from Mecp2 mutant mice revealed by voltage-sensitive dye imaging.
Authors: Calfa Et al.
J Neurophysiol 2011;105:1768
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CB1 modulation of temporally distinct synaptic facilitation among local circuit interneurons mediated by N-type calcium channels in CA1.
Authors: Ali
J Neurophysiol 2011;105:1051
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Systematic heterogeneity of fractional vesicle pool sizes and release rates of hippocampal synapses.
Authors: Welzel Et al.
Biophys J 2011;100:593
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SV2 mediates entry of tetanus neurotoxin into central neurons.
Authors: Yeh Et al.
PLoS Pathog 2010;6:e1001207
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Synapse clusters are preferentially formed by synapses with large recycling pool sizes.
Authors: Welzel Et al.
PLoS One 2010;5:e13514
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Melatonin potentiates glycine currents through a PLC/PKC signalling pathway in rat retinal ganglion cells.
Authors: Zhao Et al.
J Physiol 2010;588:2605
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Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues modulates the mouse hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via paraventricular glutamatergic neurons.
Authors: Dimitrov and Usdin
J Comp Neurol 2010;518:4375
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Substance P modulation of TRPC3/7 channels improves respiratory rhythm regularity and ICAN-dependent pacemaker activity.
Authors: Ben-Mabrouk and Tryba
Front Cell Neurosci 2010;31:1219
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Selective T-type calcium channel block in thalamic neurons reveals channel redundancy and physiological impact of I(T)window.
Authors: Dreyfus Et al.
J Neurosci 2010;30:99
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Canonical TGF-beta signaling is required for the balance of excitatory/inhibitory transmission within the hippocampus and prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle.
Authors: Sun Et al.
J Neurosci 2010;30:6025
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DA-dependent tuning of striatal inhibitory synaptogenesis.
Authors: Goffin Et al.
J Neurosci 2010;30:2935
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Haploinsufficiency in peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase leads to altered synaptic transmission in the amygdala and impaired emotional responses.
Authors: Gaier Et al.
J Neurosci 2010;30:13656
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GABAergic synaptic scaling in embryonic motoneurons is mediated by a shift in the chloride reversal potential.
Authors: Gonzalez-Islas Et al.
J Neurosci 2010;30:13016
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Cannabinoids excite circadian clock neurons.
Authors: Acuna-Goycolea Et al.
J Neurosci 2010;30:10061
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Reduction in synaptic GABA release contributes to target-selective elevation of PVN neuronal activity in rats with myocardial infarction.
Authors: Han Et al.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010;299:R129
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Substitution of 5-HT1A receptor signaling by a light-activated G protein-coupled receptor.
Authors: Oh Et al.
J Neurosci 2010;285:30825
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Activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors induces a nitric oxide-dependent long-term depression in rat medial prefrontal cortex.
Authors: Huang and Hsu
Cereb Cortex 2010;20:982
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Sustained dorsal hippocampal activity is not obligatory for either the maintenance or retrieval of long-term spatial memory.
Authors: Broadbent Et al.
Hippocampus 2010;20:1366
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Glutamate co-release at GABA/glycinergic synapses is crucial for the refinement of an inhibitory map.
Authors: Noh Et al.
Neuropharmacology 2010;13:232
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High precision and fast functional mapping of cortical circuitry through a novel combination of voltage sensitive dye imaging and laser scanning photostimulation.
Authors: Xu Et al.
J Neurophysiol 2010;103:2301
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Na+ mechanism of delta-opioid receptor induced protection from anoxic K+ leakage in the cortex.
Authors: Chao Et al.
Cell Mol Life Sci 2009;66:1105
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Mutation of the protein kinase C site in borna disease virus phosphoprotein abrogates viral interference with neuronal signaling and restores normal synaptic activity.
Authors: Prat Et al.
J Neurosci 2009;5:e1000425
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Prediction and validation of a mechanism to control the threshold for inhibitory synaptic plasticity.
Authors: Kitagawa Et al.
Mol Syst Biol 2009;5:280
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ATP-dependent infra-slow (0.1 Hz) oscillations in thalamic networks.
Authors: Lörincz Et al.
PLoS One 2009;4:e4447
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Role of spinal cord alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain.
Authors: Park Et al.
Mol Pain 2009;4:67
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Exchange and redistribution dynamics of the cytoskeleton of the active zone molecule bassoon.
Authors: Tsuriel Et al.
PLoS One 2009;29:351
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Novel repression of Kcc2 transcription by REST-RE-1 controls developmental switch in neuronal chloride.
Authors: Yeo Et al.
J Neurosci 2009;29:14652
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DA neuron glutamate cotransmission: frequency-dependent modulation in the mesoventromedial projection.
Authors: Chuhma Et al.
Neuroscience 2009;164:1068
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Age- and gender-related differences in GABAA receptor-mediated postsynaptic currents in GABAergic neurons of the substantia nigra reticulata in the rat.
Authors: Chudomel Et al.
Neuroscience 2009;163:155
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Two distinct types of inhibition mediated by cartwheel cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus.
Authors: Mancilla
J Neurophysiol 2009;102:1287
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Effects of striatal GABA A-receptor blockade on striatal and cortical activity in monkeys.
Authors: Darbin and Wichmann
Nat Neurosci 2008;99:1294
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Coupling of neural activity to blood flow in olfactory glomeruli is mediated by astrocytic pathways.
Authors: Petzold Et al.
Neuron 2008;58:897
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Integrin regulation of cytoplasmic calcium in excitatory neurons depends upon glutamate receptors and release from intracellular stores.
Authors: Lin Et al.
Cerebellum 2008;37:770
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Electrophysiology and pharmacology of striatal neuronal dysfunction induced by mitochondrial complex I inhibition.
Authors: Costa Et al.
J Neurosci 2008;28:8040
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Recruitment of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors during synaptic potentiation is regulated by CaM-kinase I.
Authors: Guire Et al.
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Activity-induced synaptic capture and exocytosis of the neuronal serine protease neurotrypsin.
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Properties of GluR3 receptors tagged with GFP at the amino or carboxyl terminus.
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