CometAssay Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
4250-050-K
Product Details
Citations (389)
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CometAssay Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay Summary

Includes twenty-five specially treated CometSlides (2 Well) and sufficient reagents for 50 test samples.
 

Key Benefits

• Specially treated slides to promote agarose adherence
• Ready to use low melt agarose (LMAgarose) in convenient size
• Lysis Solution suitable for either alkaline or neutral comet assay
• Optimized electrophoresis conditions

Product Specifications

  • Applicable for the analysis of either single- or double-strand DNA breaks
  • Study cellular responses to DNA damage
  • Screen for inhibitors of DNA repair
  • Test chemicals for toxicity
  • Screen for environmental mutagens

What is the CometAssay?

The Comet assay, or single cell gel electrophoresis assay, provides a simple and effective method for evaluating DNA damage in cells. The principle of the assay is based upon the ability of denatured, cleaved DNA fragments to migrate out of the nucleoid under the influence of an electric field, whereas undamaged DNA migrates slower and remains within the confines of the nucleoid when a current is applied. Evaluation of the DNA “comet” tail shape and migration pattern allows for assessment of DNA damage. The general Comet assay protocol includes first immobilizing cells in a bed of low melting point agarose, gently lysing the cells, treating cells with neutral or alkali solutions to unwind and denature the DNA as well as hydrolyze sites of damage. DNA is then subjected to electrophoresis and stained with a fluorescent DNA intercalating dye.

Kit Contents

• CometAssay Lysis Solution
• CometAssay LMAgarose
• CometSlides (2 Well, 25 Slides)
• 200 mM EDTA, pH 10

Specifications

Shipping Conditions
The product is shipped ambient or with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended on the product label.
Storage
Store products immediately at the temperature recommended on the product labels.
Species
N/A

Limitations

For research use only. Not for diagnostic use.

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Citations for CometAssay Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

389 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Cryopreservation of sperm from the gudgeon, Microphysogobio rapidus (Cyprinidae): Effects of cryoprotectant, diluents, and dilution ratio
    Authors: Zidni, I;Kim, KW;Jang, HS;Heo, MS;Kim, KS;Yoon, JD;Lim, HK;
    Cryobiology  2024-02-25
  2. FLIP(C1orf112)-FIGNL1 complex regulates RAD51 chromatin association to promote viability after replication stress
    Authors: Tischler, JD;Tsuchida, H;Bosire, R;Oda, TT;Park, A;Adeyemi, RO;
    Nature communications  2024-01-29
  3. AKT1 interacts with DHX9 to mitigate R-loop-induced replication stress in ovarian cancer
    Authors: Huang, TT;Chiang, CY;Nair, JR;Wilson, KM;Cheng, K;Lee, JM;
    Cancer research  2024-01-19
  4. ATM/ATR Phosphorylation of CtIP on Its Conserved Sae2-like Domain Is Required for Genotoxin-Induced DNA Resection but Dispensable for Animal Development
    Authors: Wu-Baer, F;Wong, M;Tschoe, L;Lin, CS;Jiang, W;Zha, S;Baer, R;
    Cells  2023-12-04
  5. The synthetic food dye, Red 40, causes DNA damage, causes colonic inflammation, and impacts the microbiome in mice
    Authors: Zhang, Q;Chumanevich, AA;Nguyen, I;Chumanevich, AA;Sartawi, N;Hogan, J;Khazan, M;Harris, Q;Massey, B;Chatzistamou, I;Buckhaults, PJ;Banister, CE;Wirth, M;Hebert, JR;Murphy, EA;Hofseth, LJ;
    Toxicology reports  2023-12-01
  6. Reduced FOXF1 links unrepaired DNA damage to pulmonary arterial hypertension
    Authors: Isobe, S;Nair, RV;Kang, HY;Wang, L;Moonen, JR;Shinohara, T;Cao, A;Taylor, S;Otsuki, S;Marciano, DP;Harper, RL;Adil, MS;Zhang, C;Lago-Docampo, M;Körbelin, J;Engreitz, JM;Snyder, MP;Rabinovitch, M;
    Nature communications  2023-11-21
  7. Repression of LSD1 potentiates homologous recombination-proficient ovarian cancer to PARP inhibitors through down-regulation of BRCA1/2 and RAD51
    Authors: Tao, L;Zhou, Y;Pan, X;Luo, Y;Qiu, J;Zhou, X;Chen, Z;Li, Y;Xu, L;Zhou, Y;Zuo, Z;Liu, C;Wang, L;Liu, X;Tian, X;Su, N;Yang, Z;Zhang, Y;Gou, K;Sang, N;Liu, H;Zou, J;Xiao, Y;Zhong, X;Xu, J;Yang, X;Xiao, K;Liu, Y;Yang, S;Peng, Y;Han, J;Cen, X;Zhao, Y;
    Nature communications  2023-11-16
  8. TATDN2 resolution of R-loops is required for survival of BRCA1-mutant cancer cells
    Authors: Jaiswal, AS;Dutta, A;Srinivasan, G;Yuan, Y;Zhou, D;Shaheen, M;Sadideen, DT;Kirby, A;Williamson, EA;Gupta, YK;Olsen, SK;Xu, M;Loranc, E;Mukhopadhyay, P;Pertsemlidis, A;Bishop, AJR;Sung, P;Nickoloff, JA;Hromas, R;
    Nucleic acids research  2023-11-11
  9. Targeting the non-coding genome and temozolomide signature enables CRISPR-mediated glioma oncolysis
    Authors: Tan, IL;Perez, AR;Lew, RJ;Sun, X;Baldwin, A;Zhu, YK;Shah, MM;Berger, MS;Doudna, JA;Fellmann, C;
    Cell reports  2023-11-01
  10. Fusobacterium nucleatum facilitates proliferation and autophagy by activating miR-361-3p/NUDT1 axis through oxidative stress in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
    Authors: Lau, HC;Yuan, X;Huang, H;Zhang, M;Hsueh, CY;Gong, H;
    BMC cancer  2023-10-17
  11. Copy Number Variation That Influences the Ionizing Radiation Sensitivity of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    Authors: Izumi, T;Rychahou, P;Chen, L;Smith, MH;Valentino, J;
    Cells  2023-10-10
  12. DNA damage response inhibitors enhance tumour treating fields (TTFields) potency in glioma stem-like cells
    Authors: Vanderlinden, A;Jones, CG;Myers, KN;Rominiyi, O;Collis, SJ;
    British journal of cancer  2023-09-30
  13. Effector memory T cells induce innate inflammation by triggering DNA damage and a non-canonical STING pathway in dendritic cells
    Authors: Meibers, HE;Warrick, KA;VonHandorf, A;Vallez, CN;Kawarizadeh, K;Saha, I;Donmez, O;Jain, VG;Kottyan, LC;Weirauch, MT;Pasare, C;
    Cell reports  2023-09-27
  14. Bortezomib Is Effective in the Treatment of T Lymphoblastic Leukaemia by Inducing DNA Damage, WEE1 Downregulation, and Mitotic Catastrophe
    Authors: Din, RU;Jiao, A;Qiu, Y;Mohan, AAM;Yuen, KC;Wong, HT;Wan, TM;Wong, PO;Sin, CF;
    International journal of molecular sciences  2023-09-27
  15. A Side-by-Side Comparison of Wildtype and Variant Melanocortin 1 Receptor Signaling with Emphasis on Protection against Oxidative Damage to DNA
    Authors: Cerdido, S;Sánchez-Beltrán, J;Lambertos, A;Abrisqueta, M;Padilla, L;Herraiz, C;Olivares, C;Jiménez-Cervantes, C;García-Borrón, JC;
    International journal of molecular sciences  2023-09-21
  16. The fructose-bisphosphate, Aldolase A (ALDOA), facilitates DNA-PKcs and ATM kinase activity to regulate DNA double-strand break repair
    Authors: Sobanski, T;Suraweera, A;Burgess, JT;Richard, I;Cheong, CM;Dave, K;Rose, M;Adams, MN;O'Byrne, KJ;Richard, DJ;Bolderson, E;
    Scientific reports  2023-09-13
  17. SOD1 is a synthetic lethal target in PPM1D -mutant leukemia cells
    Authors: Zhang, L;Hsu, JI;Braekeleer, ED;Chen, CW;Patel, TD;Urya, H;Guzman, AG;Martell, AG;Waldvogel, SM;Tovy, A;Callen, E;Murdaugh, R;Richard, R;Jansen, S;Vissers, L;de Vries, BBA;Nussenzweig, A;Huang, S;Coarfa, C;Anastas, JN;Takahashi, K;Vassiliou, G;Goodell, MA;
    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology  2023-09-01
  18. Circadian control of cisplatin-DNA adduct repair and apoptosis in culture cells
    Authors: Jeon, J;Lee, S;Park, JM;Lee, TH;Kang, TH;
    The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology  2023-09-01
  19. p53-dependent R-loop formation and HPV pathogenesis
    Authors: Templeton, CW;Laimins, LA;
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2023-08-29
  20. Activation of STING by SAMHD1 Deficiency Promotes PANoptosis and Enhances Efficacy of PD-L1 Blockade in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
    Authors: Cai, Y;Chen, X;Lu, T;Fang, X;Ding, M;Yu, Z;Hu, S;Liu, J;Zhou, X;Wang, X;
    International journal of biological sciences  2023-08-28
  21. The DDUP protein encoded by the DNA damage-induced CTBP1-DT lncRNA confers cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer
    Authors: Ren, L;Qing, X;Wei, J;Mo, H;Liu, Y;Zhi, Y;Lu, W;Zheng, M;Zhang, W;Chen, Y;Zhang, Y;Pan, T;Zhong, Q;Li, R;Zhang, X;Ruan, X;Yu, R;Li, J;
    Cell death & disease  2023-08-26
  22. Identification of a de novo mutation in TLK1 associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder and immunodeficiency
    Authors: Villamor-Payà, M;Sanchiz-Calvo, M;Smak, J;Pais, L;Sud, M;Shankavaram, U;Lovgren, AK;Austin-Tse, C;Ganesh, VS;Gay, M;Vilaseca, M;Arauz-Garofalo, G;Palenzuela, L;VanNoy, G;O'Donnell-Luria, A;Stracker, TH;
    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences  2023-08-24
  23. Downregulation of Krüppel-like factor 14 accelerated cellular senescence and aging
    Authors: Hou, Y;Song, Q;Wang, Y;Liu, J;Cui, Y;Zhang, X;Zhang, J;Fu, J;Cao, M;Zhang, C;Liu, C;Wang, X;Duan, H;Wang, P;
    Aging cell  2023-08-08
  24. DePARylation is critical for S phase progression and cell survival
    Authors: Nie, L;Wang, C;Liu, X;Huang, M;Feng, X;Tang, M;Li, S;Hang, Q;Teng, H;Shen, X;Ma, L;Gan, B;Chen, J;
    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology  2023-08-02
  25. RAD54L regulates replication fork progression and nascent strand degradation in BRCA1/2-deficient cells
    Authors: Uhrig, ME;Sharma, N;Maxwell, P;Selemenakis, P;Wiese, C;
    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology  2023-07-26
  26. BRD4 directs mitotic cell division by inhibiting DNA damage
    Authors: Wu, T;Hou, H;Dey, A;Bachu, M;Chen, X;Wisniewski, J;Kudoh, F;Chen, C;Chauhan, S;Xiao, H;Pan, R;Ozato, K;
    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology  2023-07-25
  27. The SUMO-NIP45 pathway processes toxic DNA catenanes to prevent mitotic failure
    Authors: Hertz, EPT;Vega, IA;Kruse, T;Wang, Y;Hendriks, IA;Bizard, AH;Eugui-Anta, A;Hay, RT;Nielsen, ML;Nilsson, J;Hickson, ID;Mailand, N;
    Nature structural & molecular biology  2023-07-20
  28. ATR protects ongoing and newly assembled DNA replication forks through distinct mechanisms
    Authors: Leung, W;Simoneau, A;Saxena, S;Jackson, J;Patel, PS;Limbu, M;Vindigni, A;Zou, L;
    Cell reports  2023-07-15
  29. Frailty, Sex, and Poverty are Associated with DNA Damage and Repair in Frail, Middle-aged Urban Adults
    Authors: Smith, J;Hooten, N;Mode, N;Zonderman, A;Ezike, N;Kaushal, S;Evans, M;
    DNA Repair  2023-06-29
  30. LCK facilitates DNA damage repair by stabilizing RAD51 and BRCA1 in the nucleus of chemoresistant ovarian cancer
    Authors: Dey, G;Bharti, R;Braley, C;Alluri, R;Esakov, E;Crean-Tate, K;McCrae, K;Joehlin-Price, A;Rose, PG;Lathia, J;Gong, Z;Reizes, O;
    Journal of ovarian research  2023-06-27
  31. Cellular photo(geno)toxicity of gefitinib after biotransformation
    Authors: El Ouardi, M;Tamarit, L;Vayá, I;Miranda, MA;Andreu, I;
    Frontiers in pharmacology  2023-06-07
  32. SPI1-mediated MIR222HG transcription promotes proneural-to-mesenchymal transition of glioma stem cells and immunosuppressive polarization of macrophages
    Authors: Fan, Y;Gao, Z;Xu, J;Wang, H;Guo, Q;Li, B;Li, M;Xu, H;Qi, Y;Zhao, S;Qiu, W;Pan, Z;Wang, Q;Xue, H;Zhao, R;Guo, X;Li, G;
    Theranostics  2023-05-27
  33. Sting and p53 DNA repair pathways are compromised in Alzheimer's disease
    Authors: Nelson, TJ;Xu, Y;
    Scientific reports  2023-05-23
  34. YB1 modulates the DNA damage response in medulloblastoma
    Authors: McSwain, LF;Pillsbury, CE;Haji-Seyed-Javadi, R;Rath, SK;Chen, V;Huang, T;Shahab, SW;Kunhiraman, H;Ross, J;Price, GA;Dey, A;Hambardzumyan, D;MacDonald, T;Yu, DS;Porter, CC;Kenney, AM;
    Scientific reports  2023-05-19
  35. A DNA-PK phosphorylation site on MET regulates its signaling interface with the DNA damage response
    Authors: Koch, JP;Roth, SM;Quintin, A;Gavini, J;Orlando, E;Riedo, R;Pozzato, C;Hayrapetyan, L;Aebersold, R;Stroka, DM;Aebersold, DM;Medo, M;Zimmer, Y;Medov�, M;
    Oncogene  2023-05-15
  36. Replisome dysfunction upon inducible TIMELESS degradation synergizes with ATR inhibition to trigger replication catastrophe
    Authors: Patel, JA;Zezelic, C;Rageul, J;Saldanha, J;Khan, A;Kim, H;
    Nucleic acids research  2023-05-05
  37. The thioredoxin system determines CHK1 inhibitor sensitivity via redox-mediated regulation of ribonucleotide reductase activity
    Authors: Zhang, J;Prasad, C;Oo, A;Qiu, Z;Li, N;Singh, D;Xin, X;Cho, YJ;Li, Z;Zhang, X;Yan, C;Zheng, Q;Shao, J;Wang, QE;Kim, B;
    Research square  2023-05-02
  38. Combination treatment of cordycepin and radiation induces MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cell death via ROS accumulation and DNA damage
    Authors: Lee, YP;Lin, CR;Chen, SS;Chen, RJ;Wu, YH;Chen, YH;Huang, BM;
    American journal of cancer research  2023-04-15
  39. Protocatechuic aldehyde acts synergistically with dacarbazine to augment DNA double-strand breaks and promote apoptosis in cutaneous melanoma cells
    Authors: J Pei, Z Su, X Zeng, Y Zhong, Y Zhang, Y Yang, Q Lu, J Li, Y Deng
    BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2023-04-06;23(1):111.  2023-04-06
  40. Dual roles for CND1 in maintenance of nuclear and chloroplast genome stability in plants
    Authors: HL Jin, S Duan, P Zhang, Z Yang, Y Zeng, Z Chen, L Hong, M Li, L Luo, Z Chang, J Hu, HB Wang
    Cell Reports, 2023-03-17;42(3):112268.  2023-03-17
  41. Triap1 upregulation promotes escape from mitotic-slippage-induced G1 arrest
    Authors: M Pavani, E Chiroli, C Cancrini, F Gross, P Bonaiuti, S Villa, F Giavazzi, V Matafora, A Bachi, LL Fava, T Lischetti, A Ciliberto
    Cell Reports, 2023-03-13;42(3):112215.  2023-03-13
  42. DDX47, MeCP2, and other functionally heterogeneous factors protect cells from harmful R loops
    Authors: E Marchena-C, LP Camino, J Bhandari, S Silva, JJ Marqueta-G, SA Amdeen, C Guillén-Me, ML García-Rub, JM Calderón-M, X Xue, R Luna, A Aguilera
    Cell Reports, 2023-02-23;42(3):112148.  2023-02-23
  43. Obesity promotes radioresistance through SERPINE1-mediated aggressiveness and DNA repair of triple-negative breast cancer
    Authors: YH Su, YZ Wu, DK Ann, JL Chen, CY Kuo
    Cell Death & Disease, 2023-01-21;14(1):53.  2023-01-21
  44. The Nuclear Transporter Importin 13 Can Regulate Stress-Induced Cell Death through the Clusterin/KU70 Axis
    Authors: KA Gajewska, DA Jans, KM Wagstaff
    Cells, 2023-01-11;12(2):.  2023-01-11
  45. Wip1 contributes to the adaptation of HepG2 human liver cancer cells to stress hormone-induced DNA damage
    Authors: G Li, Y Qian, Y Chen, M Cao, X Yang, D Kong, G Wang, H An, N Yang, W Huang, Y Liu
    Oncology Letters, 2023;25(1):31.  2023
  46. Enhancement of glycolysis-dependent DNA repair regulated by FOXO1 knockdown via PFKFB3 attenuates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial oxidative stress injury
    Authors: D Sun, S Chen, S Li, N Wang, S Zhang, L Xu, S Zhu, H Li, Q Gu, X Xu, F Wei
    Redox Biology, 2022-12-25;59(0):102589.  2022-12-25
  47. Novel Chiral Ru(II) Complexes as Potential c-myc G-quadruplex DNA Stabilizers Inducing DNA Damage to Suppress Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression
    Authors: C Yuan, Z Wang, Z Wang, W Liu, G Li, J Meng, R Wu, Q Wu, J Wang, W Mei
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-12-22;24(1):.  2022-12-22
  48. The splicing regulators TIA1 and TIAL1 are required for the expression of the DNA damage repair machinery during B cell lymphopoiesis
    Authors: IC Osma-Garci, D Capitan-So, M Mouysset, Y Aubert, O Maloudi, M Turner, MD Diaz-Muñoz
    Cell Reports, 2022-12-20;41(12):111869.  2022-12-20
  49. DNA damage independent inhibition of NF-kappaB transcription by anthracyclines
    Authors: AF Chora, D Pedroso, E Kyriakou, N Pejanovic, H Colaço, R Gozzelino, A Barros, K Willmann, T Velho, CF Moita, I Santos, P Pereira, S Carvalho, FB Martins, JA Ferreira, SF de Almeida, V Benes, J Anrather, S Weis, MP Soares, A Geerlof, J Neefjes, M Sattler, AC Messias, A Neves-Cost, LF Moita
    Elife, 2022-12-07;11(0):.  2022-12-07
  50. Synthesis and evaluation of 7-(3-aminopropyloxy)-substituted flavone analogue as a topoisomerase IIalpha catalytic inhibitor and its sensitizing effect to enzalutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells
    Authors: KH Jeon, S Park, JH Shin, AR Jung, SY Hwang, SH Seo, H Jo, Y Na, Y Kwon
    European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2022-12-05;246(0):114999.  2022-12-05
  51. Wip1 contributes to the adaptation of HepG2 human liver cancer cells to stress hormone-induced DNA damage
    Authors: G Li, Y Qian, Y Chen, M Cao, X Yang, D Kong, G Wang, H An, N Yang, W Huang, Y Liu
    Oncology Letters, 2022-11-29;25(1):31.  2022-11-29
  52. TGFbeta pathway is required for viable gestation of Fanconi anemia embryos
    Authors: A Rodríguez, M Epperly, J Filiatraul, M Velázquez, C Yang, K McQueen, LA Sambel, H Nguyen, DR Iyer, U Juárez, C Ayala-Zamb, DB Martignett, S Frías, R Fisher, K Parmar, JS Greenberge, AD D'Andrea
    PloS Genetics, 2022-11-28;18(11):e1010459.  2022-11-28
  53. Construction of an In Vitro Air-Liquid Interface Exposure System to Assess the Toxicological Impact of Gas and Particle Phase of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
    Authors: S Binder, N Rastak, E Karg, A Huber, E Kuhn, GC Dragan, C Monsé, D Breuer, S Di Bucchia, MN Delaval, S Oeder, M Sklorz, R Zimmermann
    Toxics, 2022-11-26;10(12):.  2022-11-26
  54. Ginsenoside Rh2 sensitizes the anti-cancer effects of sunitinib by inducing cell cycle arrest in renal cell carcinoma
    Authors: HJ Hwang, SH Hong, HS Moon, YE Yoon, SY Park
    Scientific Reports, 2022-11-17;12(1):19752.  2022-11-17
  55. FBXW7 alleviates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial oxidative stress injury via ROS and PARP inhibition
    Authors: S Li, J Deng, D Sun, S Chen, X Yao, N Wang, J Zhang, Q Gu, S Zhang, J Wang, S Zhu, H Zhu, H Li, X Xu, F Wei
    Redox Biology, 2022-11-15;58(0):102530.  2022-11-15
  56. Long non-coding RNA PCAT19 safeguards DNA in quiescent endothelial cells by preventing uncontrolled phosphorylation of RPA2
    Authors: JA Oo, K Pálfi, T Warwick, I Wittig, C Prieto-Gar, V Matkovic, I Tomaškovi?, F Boos, J Izquierdo, T Teichmann, K Petriukov, S Haydar, L Maegdefess, Z Wu, MD Pham, J Krishnan, AH Baker, S Günther, HD Ulrich, I Dikic, MS Leisegang, RP Brandes
    Cell Reports, 2022-11-15;41(7):111670.  2022-11-15
  57. PARP1 proximity proteomics reveals interaction partners at stressed replication forks
    Authors: T Mosler, HI Baymaz, JF Gräf, I Mikicic, G Blattner, E Bartlett, M Ostermaier, R Piccinno, J Yang, A Voigt, M Gatti, S Pellegrino, M Altmeyer, K Luck, I Ahel, V Roukos, P Beli
    Nucleic Acids Research, 2022-11-11;0(0):.  2022-11-11
  58. NEIL3 contributes to the Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway by promoting the downstream double-strand break repair step
    Authors: N Li, Y Xu, H Chen, L Chen, Y Zhang, T Yu, R Yao, J Chen, Q Fu, J Zhou, J Wang
    Cell Reports, 2022-11-08;41(6):111600.  2022-11-08
  59. Revealing microcystin-LR ecotoxicity to earthworm (Eisenia fetida) at the intestinal cell level
    Authors: X Liu, JC Ye, F Li, RJ Gao, XX Wang, JL Cheng, BL Liu, L Xiang, YW Li, QY Cai, HM Zhao, CH Mo, QX Li
    Chemosphere, 2022-10-29;311(0):137046.  2022-10-29
  60. Discovery and Validation of Potential Serum Biomarkers with Pro-Inflammatory and DNA Damage Activities in Ulcerative Colitis: A Comprehensive Untargeted Metabolomic Study
    Authors: M Li, R Zhang, M Xin, Y Xu, S Liu, B Yu, B Zhang, J Liu
    Metabolites, 2022-10-20;12(10):.  2022-10-20
  61. MED1, a novel binding partner of BRCA1, regulates homologous recombination and R-loop processing
    Authors: H Honjoh, M Tanikawa, O Wada-Hirai, K Oda, H Inaba, A Kukita, Y Kawata, M Kusakabe, S Tsuchimoch, A Taguchi, Y Miyamoto, K Sone, T Tsuruga, M Mori-Uchin, Y Matsumoto, Y Osuga
    Scientific Reports, 2022-10-13;12(1):17140.  2022-10-13
  62. Thymidylate synthase accelerates Men1-mediated pancreatic tumor progression and reduces survival
    Authors: V Vijayakuru, K Maeng, HS Lee, BS Meyer, S Burkett, A Nawab, MW Dougherty, C Jobin, I Mahmud, TJ Garrett, M Feely, KB Lee, FJ Kaye, MV Guijarro, M Zajac-Kaye
    JCI Insight, 2022-10-10;0(0):.  2022-10-10
  63. A novel approach for the prevention of ionizing radiation-induced bone loss using a designer multifunctional cerium oxide nanozyme
    Authors: F Wei, CJ Neal, TS Sakthivel, Y Fu, M Omer, A Adhikary, S Ward, KM Ta, S Moxon, M Molinari, J Asiatico, M Kinzel, SN Yarmolenko, V San Cheong, N Orlovskaya, R Ghosh, S Seal, M Coathup
    Bioactive materials, 2022-09-21;21(0):547-565.  2022-09-21
  64. Regulation of Claspin by the p38 stress-activated protein kinase protects cells from DNA damage
    Authors: A Ulsamer, A Martínez-L, S Bader, S Rodríguez-, R Freire, J Méndez, E de Nadal, F Posas
    Cell Reports, 2022-09-20;40(12):111375.  2022-09-20
  65. Impacts of arsenic on Rad18 and translesion synthesis
    Authors: LB Volk, KL Cooper, T Jiang, ML Paffett, LG Hudson
    Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2022-09-08;454(0):116230.  2022-09-08
  66. The histone modification reader ZCWPW1 promotes double-strand break repair by regulating cross-talk of histone modifications and chromatin accessibility at meiotic hotspots
    Authors: S Yuan, T Huang, Z Bao, S Wang, X Wu, J Liu, H Liu, ZJ Chen
    Genome Biology, 2022-09-06;23(1):187.  2022-09-06
  67. LncRNA CTBP1-DT-encoded microprotein DDUP sustains DNA damage response signalling to trigger dual DNA repair mechanisms
    Authors: R Yu, Y Hu, S Zhang, X Li, M Tang, M Yang, X Wu, Z Li, X Liao, Y Xu, M Li, S Chen, W Qian, LY Gong, L Song, J Li
    Nucleic Acids Research, 2022-08-12;0(0):.  2022-08-12
  68. PAK6 promotes homologous-recombination to enhance chemoresistance to oxaliplatin through ATR/CHK1 signaling in gastric cancer
    Authors: W Huang, Z Han, Z Sun, H Feng, L Zhao, Q Yuan, C Chen, S Yu, Y Hu, J Yu, H Liu, G Li, Y Jiang
    Cell Death & Disease, 2022-07-28;13(7):658.  2022-07-28
  69. Human papillomaviruses sensitize cells to DNA damage induced apoptosis by targeting the innate immune sensor cGAS
    Authors: E Gusho, LA Laimins
    PloS Pathogens, 2022-07-25;18(7):e1010725.  2022-07-25
  70. Overcoming Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma via Enhanced NAD+ Bioavailability and Inhibition of Poly-ADP-Ribose Glycohydrolase
    Authors: J Li, CA Koczor, KM Saville, F Hayat, A Beiser, S McClellan, ME Migaud, RW Sobol
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  71. TDP1-independent pathways in the process and repair of TOP1-induced DNA damage
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  245. Androgen Deprivation Followed by Acute Androgen Stimulation Selectively Sensitizes AR-Positive Prostate Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation.
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  257. Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Arsenite Induce Dose-Dependent Differential Genotoxicity Through Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition and Oxidative Stress in Mouse Thymus Cells.
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  276. The TMPRSS2-ERG Gene Fusion Blocks XRCC4-Mediated Nonhomologous End-Joining Repair and Radiosensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to PARP Inhibition.
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  278. Ghrelin Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Testicular Damage by Facilitating Repair of DNA Double Strand Breaks Through Activation of p53 in Mice.
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  282. Repair versus Checkpoint Functions of BRCA1 Are Differentially Regulated by Site of Chromatin Binding.
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    Clin Cancer Res, 2014-08-27;20(21):5468-5482.  2014-08-27
  312. Connexin 30 expression inhibits growth of human malignant gliomas but protects them against radiation therapy.
    Authors: Artesi M, Kroonen J, Bredel M, Nguyen-Khac M, Deprez M, Schoysman L, Poulet C, Chakravarti A, Kim H, Scholtens D, Seute T, Rogister B, Bours V, Robe P
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    Authors: Cleaver J, Brennan-Minnella A, Swanson R, Fong K, Chen J, Chou K, Chen Y, Revet I, Bezrookove V
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2014-08-18;111(37):13487-92.  2014-08-18
  315. Tight regulation of ubiquitin-mediated DNA damage response by USP3 preserves the functional integrity of hematopoietic stem cells.
    Authors: Lancini C, van den Berk P, Vissers J, Gargiulo G, Song J, Hulsman D, Serresi M, Tanger E, Blom M, Vens C, van Lohuizen M, Jacobs H, Citterio E
    J Exp Med, 2014-08-11;211(9):1759-77.  2014-08-11
  316. Sequential combination therapy of ovarian cancer with degradable N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer paclitaxel and gemcitabine conjugates.
    Authors: Zhang R, Yang J, Sima M, Zhou Y, Kopecek J
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2014-08-04;111(33):12181-6.  2014-08-04
  317. Hematopoietic stem cell dysfunction underlies the progressive lymphocytopenia in XLF/Cernunnos deficiency.
    Authors: Avagyan S, Churchill M, Yamamoto K, Crowe J, Li C, Lee B, Zheng T, Mukherjee S, Zha S
    Blood, 2014-07-29;124(10):1622-5.  2014-07-29
  318. Regulation of mitochondrial poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase activation by the beta-adrenoceptor/cAMP/protein kinase A axis during oxidative stress.
    Authors: Brunyanszki A, Olah G, Coletta C, Szczesny B, Szabo C
    Mol Pharmacol, 2014-07-28;86(4):450-62.  2014-07-28
  319. Tobacco exposure results in increased E6 and E7 oncogene expression, DNA damage and mutation rates in cells maintaining episomal human papillomavirus 16 genomes.
    Authors: Wei L, Griego A, Chu M, Ozbun M
    Carcinogenesis, 2014-07-26;35(10):2373-81.  2014-07-26
  320. NEO212, temozolomide conjugated to perillyl alcohol, is a novel drug for effective treatment of a broad range of temozolomide-resistant gliomas.
    Authors: Cho H, Wang W, Jhaveri N, Lee D, Sharma N, Dubeau L, Schonthal A, Hofman F, Chen T
    Mol Cancer Ther, 2014-07-03;13(8):2004-17.  2014-07-03
  321. CRL4Cdt2 E3 ubiquitin ligase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) cooperate to degrade thymine DNA glycosylase in S phase.
    Authors: Shibata E, Dar A, Dutta A
    J Biol Chem, 2014-06-24;289(33):23056-64.  2014-06-24
  322. ATM regulates NF-kappaB-dependent immediate-early genes via RelA Ser 276 phosphorylation coupled to CDK9 promoter recruitment.
    Authors: Fang L, Choudhary S, Zhao Y, Edeh C, Yang C, Boldogh I, Brasier A
    Nucleic Acids Res, 2014-06-23;42(13):8416-32.  2014-06-23
  323. RhoB promotes gammaH2AX dephosphorylation and DNA double-strand break repair.
    Authors: Mamouni K, Cristini A, Guirouilh-Barbat J, Monferran S, Lemarie A, Faye J, Lopez B, Favre G, Sordet O
    Mol Cell Biol, 2014-06-09;34(16):3144-55.  2014-06-09
  324. Developmental expression of Musashi-1 and Musashi-2 RNA-binding proteins during spermatogenesis: analysis of the deleterious effects of dysregulated expression.
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    Biol Reprod, 2014-05-01;90(5):92.  2014-05-01
  325. Human single-stranded DNA binding protein 1 (hSSB1/NABP2) is required for the stability and repair of stalled replication forks.
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  326. Role of intracellular calcium and NADPH oxidase NOX5-S in acid-induced DNA damage in Barrett's cells and Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma cells.
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  327. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6* induces oxidative stress and DNA damage.
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  343. Preclinical activity profile and therapeutic efficacy of the HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib in triple-negative breast cancer.
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  344. Potential new mechanisms of placental damage in celiac disease: anti-transglutaminase antibodies impair human endometrial angiogenesis.
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    Cancer Res, 2013-08-21;73(20):6254-63.  2013-08-21
  351. Tripartite Motif-containing 33 (TRIM33) protein functions in the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-dependent DNA damage response through interaction with Amplified in Liver Cancer 1 (ALC1) protein.
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    Mol Cancer Ther, 2013-07-19;12(10):2043-54.  2013-07-19
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    Authors: Weeks L, Fu P, Gerson S
    Mol Cancer Ther, 2013-07-19;12(10):2248-60.  2013-07-19
  355. Damage response of XRCC1 at sites of DNA single strand breaks is regulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitylation after degradation of poly(ADP-ribose).
    Authors: Wei L, Nakajima S, Hsieh C, Kanno S, Masutani M, Levine A, Yasui A, Lan L
    J Cell Sci, 2013-07-18;126(0):4414-23.  2013-07-18
  356. DNA damage in normally and prematurely aged mice.
    Authors: Maslov A, Ganapathi S, Westerhof M, Quispe-Tintaya W, White R, Van Houten B, Reiling E, Dolle M, van Steeg H, Hasty P, Hoeijmakers J, Vijg J
    Aging Cell, 2013-04-24;12(3):467-77.  2013-04-24
  357. Thirdhand smoke causes DNA damage in human cells.
    Authors: Hang B, Sarker A, Havel C, Saha S, Hazra T, Schick S, Jacob P, Rehan V, Chenna A, Sharan D, Sleiman M, Destaillats H, Gundel L
    Mutagenesis, 2013-03-05;28(4):381-91.  2013-03-05
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    Authors: Yang Y, Durando M, Smith-Roe S, Sproul C, Greenwalt A, Kaufmann W, Oh S, Hendrickson E, Vaziri C
    Nucleic Acids Res, 2013-01-07;41(4):2296-312.  2013-01-07
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    Mol Pharmacol, 2012-12-10;83(3):594-604.  2012-12-10
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    Authors: Trinh B, Ko S, Barengo N, Lin S, Naora H
    Cancer Res, 2012-12-07;73(2):1000-10.  2012-12-07
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    Authors: Subramanian C, Hada M, Opipari A, Castle V, Kwok R
    Mol Cancer Res, 2012-12-05;11(2):173-81.  2012-12-05
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    Authors: Ziebarth A, Nowsheen S, Steg A, Shah M, Katre A, Dobbin Z, Han H, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood A, Conner M, Yang E, Landen C
    Clin Cancer Res, 2012-11-12;19(1):170-82.  2012-11-12
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    Authors: Lu H, Hu L, Li T, Lahiri S, Shen C, Wason M, Mukherjee D, Xie H, Yu L, Zhao J
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    Authors: Singh V, Singh P, Wise S, Posarac A, Fatanmi O
    J Radiat Res, 2012-10-03;54(2):210-20.  2012-10-03
  365. DNA damage in human skin keratinocytes caused by multiwalled carbon nanotubes with carboxylate functionalization.
    Authors: McShan D, Yu H
    Toxicol Ind Health, 2012-09-25;30(6):489-98.  2012-09-25
  366. Inhibition of autophagy as a strategy to augment radiosensitization by the dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor NVP-BEZ235.
    Authors: Cerniglia G, Karar J, Tyagi S, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Rengan R, Koumenis C, Maity A
    Mol Pharmacol, 2012-09-18;82(6):1230-40.  2012-09-18
  367. Multiple isoforms of CDC25 oppose ATM activity to maintain cell proliferation during vertebrate development.
    Authors: Verduzco D, Dovey J, Shukla A, Kodym E, Skaug B, Amatruda J
    Mol Cancer Res, 2012-09-17;10(11):1451-61.  2012-09-17
  368. Resveratrol sensitizes acute myelogenous leukemia cells to histone deacetylase inhibitors through reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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FAQs

  1. Are there other dyes beside SYBR Gold that can be used in the Comet Assay?

    • Yes, other dyes that can be substituted for SYBR Gold in staining solution for the Comet Assay. The important parameters to consider in choosing a DNA stain for the comet assay are similar fluorescence and decay rates for single-and  double-strand DNA. See Appendix C in the product insert for a table of DNA stains parameters. R&D Systems selected SYBR Gold dye due to the high background to noise ratio. It is the responsibility of the end-users to optimize the use of an alternative dye chosen for the Comet Assay.

  2. What can cause observation of artefacts during imaging of Comet data?

    • For optimal imaging, all cells should be in the same plane and this is achieved by completely drying the agarose. Artefacts may be introduced if the source cells used for analyis has any debris.  The debris should be allowed to settle before pipetting cells.  The LMagarose can also be the cause of artefacts.  To prevent debris from accumulating in the agar, melt it at 80-90 °C so it is runny, spin it at low speed and aliquot into sterile tubes in a hood. Use each aliquot for a single assay.

  3. How does one correct the problem of seeing cells in multiple planes of view when using the CometAssay, Catalog # 4250-050-K?

    • The main fix for this issue is to ensure that the agarose is completely dry. Depending on the lab environment, it may take longer than the suggested 10-15 minutes indicated in the protocol.

  4. Do control cells, Catalog # 4256-010-CC, just need to be put on a slide then stained? Or do they need to be ran through the entire Catalog # 4250-050-K protocol to see comets?

    • The control cells, Catalog # 4256-010-CC, need to be run through the entire protocol for Catalog # 4250-050-K in order to see comets.

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