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Human CD28 Antibody

Catalog #: MAB342
38 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS
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MAB342-SP
MAB342-100
MAB342-500
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Human CD28 Antibody Enhances IL-2 Secretion in Jurkat Cells.
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Citations (38)
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Human CD28 Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human CD28 in Western blots. In Western blots, this antibody does not cross-react with recombinant mouse (rm) CD28, rhCTLA4, or rmCTLA4.
Source
Monoclonal Mouse IgG1 Clone # 37407
Purification
Protein A or G purified from ascites
Immunogen
S. frugiperda insect ovarian cell line Sf 21-derived recombinant human CD28
Asn19-Pro152
Accession # P10747
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.
Label
Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
1 µg/mL
Recombinant Human CD28 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 342-CD)
under non-reducing conditions only
Agonist Activity
0.2-0.6 µg/mL
See below
Immunocytochemistry
8-25 µg/mL
Immersion fixed U266 human myeloma cell line (Positive) & K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line (Negative)

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Agonist Activity Human CD28 Antibody Enhances IL-2 Secretion antibody in Jurkat Cells. View Larger

Human CD28 Antibody Enhances IL-2 Secretion in Jurkat Cells. Human CD28 Monoclonal Antibody enhances IL-2 secretion in the Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line stimulated with 10 ng/mL phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and 0.5 µM calcium ionophore, in a dose-dependent manner, as measured using the Quantikine Human IL-2 ELISA Kit (D2050). The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.2-0.6 µg/mL.

Immunocytochemistry View Larger

Detection of CD28 in U266 human myeloma cell line (Positive) & K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line (Negative). CD28 was detected in immersion fixed U266 human myeloma cell line (Positive) & K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line (Negative) using Mouse Anti-Human CD28 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB342) at 8 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL007) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to Cytoplasm. View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Non-adherent Cells.

Reconstitution Calculator

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: CD28

CD28 and CTLA-4, together with their ligands, B7-1 and B7-2, constitute one of the dominant costimulatory pathways that regulate T and B cell responses. CD28 and CTLA-4 are structurally homologous molecules that are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily. Both CD28 and CTLA-4 are composed of a single Ig
V‑like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. CD28 and CTLA-4 are both expressed on the cell surface as disulfide-linked homodimers or as monomers. The genes encoding these two molecules are closely linked on human chromosome 2 and mouse chromosome 1. Mouse CD28 is expressed constitutively on virtually 100% of mouse T cells and on developing thymocytes. Cell surface expression of mouse CD28 is down-regulated upon ligation of CD28 in the presence of PMA or PHA. In contrast, CTLA-4 is not expressed constitutively but is up-regulated rapidly following T cell activation and CD28 ligation. Cell surface expression of mouse CTLA-4 peaks approximately 48 hours after activation. Although both CTLA-4 and CD28 can bind to the same ligands, CTLA-4 binds to B7-1 and B7-2 with a 20-100 fold higher affinity than CD28. CD28/B7 interaction has been shown to prevent apoptosis of activated T cells via the upregulation of Bcl-xL. CD28 ligation has also been shown to regulate Th1/Th2 differentiation.

References
  1. Lenschow, D.J. et al. (1996) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14:233.
  2. Hathcock, K.S. and R.J. Hodes (1996) Advances in Immunol. 62:131.
  3. Ward, S.G. (1996) Biochem. J. 318:361.
Entrez Gene IDs
940 (Human); 12487 (Mouse); 102146670 (Cynomolgus Monkey)
Alternate Names
CD28 antigen (Tp44); CD28 antigen; CD28 molecule; CD28; MGC138290; T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28; Tp44

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Citations for Human CD28 Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

38 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. An intercellular transfer of telomeres rescues T cells from senescence and promotes long-term immunological memory
    Authors: A Lanna, B Vaz, C D'Ambra, S Valvo, C Vuotto, V Chiurchiù, O Devine, M Sanchez, G Borsellino, AN Akbar, M De Bardi, DW Gilroy, ML Dustin, B Blumer, M Karin
    Nature Cell Biology, 2022-09-15;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Flow Cytometry
  2. Overexpression of ascitic interleukin-35 induces CD8+ T cell exhaustion in liver cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
    Authors: L Yang, S Liu, Q Zhang, S Jia, C Qiu, Z Jin
    International immunopharmacology, 2022-03-26;108(0):108729.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  3. Eradicating tumor in a recurrent cervical cancer patient with autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a modified lymphodepleting regimen.
    Authors: Guo J, Luo N, Ai G, Yang W, Zhu J, Li C, Chen R, Zhang C, Liu S, Jin H, Cheng Z
    J Immunother Cancer, 2022-02-01;10(2):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  4. Analysis of transient membrane protein interactions by single-molecule diffusional mobility shift assay
    Authors: MG Jeong, K Zhou, S Park, H An, Y Kwon, Y Chang, DH Kim, SH Ryu
    Experimental & Molecular Medicine, 2021-02-19;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  5. CAR T cells targeting tumor endothelial marker CLEC14A inhibit tumor growth
    Authors: X Zhuang, F Maione, J Robinson, M Bentley, B Kaul, K Whitworth, N Jumbu, E Jinks, J Bystrom, P Gabriele, E Garibaldi, E Delmastro, Z Nagy, D Gilham, E Giraudo, R Bicknell, SP Lee
    JCI Insight, 2020-10-02;5(19):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  6. Characterization of BAY 1905254, an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Targeting the Immunoglobulin-Like Domain Containing Receptor 2 (ILDR2)
    Authors: J Huetter, U Gritzan, I Gutcher, WD Doecke, MV Luetke-Eve, S Golfier, HG Roider, AL Frisk, J Hunter, A Pow, A Drake, Z Levine, O Levy, M Azulay, I Barbiro, G Cojocaru, I Vaknin, B Kreft, L Roese
    Cancer Immunol Res, 2020-04-20;8(7):895-911.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay, T Cell Activation
  7. PCC0208025 (BMS202), a small molecule inhibitor of PD-L1, produces an antitumor effect in B16-F10 melanoma-bearing mice
    Authors: Z Hu, P Yu, G Du, W Wang, H Zhu, N Li, H Zhao, Z Dong, L Ye, J Tian
    PLoS ONE, 2020-03-26;15(3):e0228339.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Flow Cytometry
  8. Ex vivo culture of lesional psoriasis skin for pharmacological testing
    Authors: ML Tiirikaine, A Woetmann, H Norsgaard, LF Santamaria, P Lovato
    J. Dermatol. Sci., 2019-12-27;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: Tissue Culture
  9. 4D electron microscopy of T cell activation
    Authors: Y Lu, BK Yoo, AHC Ng, J Kim, S Yeom, J Tang, MM Lin, AH Zewail, JR Heath
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2019-10-14;116(44):22014-22019.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  10. Fisetin, a 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavone Inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK Pathways and Ameliorates Psoriasis Pathology in 2D and 3D Organotypic Human Inflammatory Skin Models
    Authors: JC Chamcheu, S Esnault, VM Adhami, AL Noll, S Banang-Mbe, T Roy, SS Singh, S Huang, KG Kousoulas, H Mukhtar
    Cells, 2019-09-15;8(9):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  11. Effect of morphine and a low dose of ketamine on the T cells of patients with refractory cancer pain in vitro
    Authors: NB Zhou, KG Wang, ZJ Fu
    Oncol Lett, 2019-08-16;18(4):4230-4236.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Stimulation
  12. 89Zr-atezolizumab imaging as a non-invasive approach to assess clinical response to PD-L1 blockade in cancer
    Authors: F Bensch, EL van der Ve, MN Lub-de Hoo, A Jorritsma-, R Boellaard, IC Kok, SF Oosting, CP Schröder, TJN Hiltermann, AJ van der We, HJM Groen, TC Kwee, SG Elias, JA Gietema, SS Bohorquez, A de Crespig, SP Williams, C Mancao, AH Brouwers, BM Fine, EGE de Vries
    Nat. Med., 2018-11-26;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  13. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses after a booster dose of HBV vaccine in HIV-infected children, adolescents and young adults
    Authors: V Giacomet, M Masetti, P Nannini, F Forlanini, M Clerici, GV Zuccotti, D Trabattoni
    PLoS ONE, 2018-02-14;13(2):e0192638.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  14. Immune cell-derived cytokines contribute to obesity-related inflammation, fibrogenesis and metabolic deregulation in human adipose tissue
    Authors: C Caër, C Rouault, T Le Roy, C Poitou, J Aron-Wisne, A Torcivia, JC Bichet, K Clément, M Guerre-Mil, S André
    Sci Rep, 2017-06-07;7(1):3000.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Flow Cytometry
  15. Interleukin-10-producing LAG3(+) regulatory T cells are associated with disease activity and abatacept treatment in rheumatoid arthritis
    Authors: S Nakachi, S Sumitomo, Y Tsuchida, H Tsuchiya, M Kono, R Kato, K Sakurai, N Hanata, Y Nagafuchi, S Tateishi, H Kanda, T Okamura, K Yamamoto, K Fujio
    Arthritis Res. Ther., 2017-05-16;19(1):97.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  16. ??TCR immunoglobulin constant region domain exchange in human ??TCRs improves TCR pairing without altering TCR gene-modified T cell function
    Authors: C Tao, H Shao, W Zhang, H Bo, F Wu, H Shen, S Huang
    Mol Med Rep, 2017-02-15;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  17. Direct and indirect effects of immune and central nervous system-resident cells on human oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation.
    Authors: Moore C, Cui Q, Warsi N, Durafourt B, Zorko N, Owen D, Antel J, Bar-Or A
    J Immunol, 2014-12-10;194(2):761-72.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
    Applications: Polarization
  18. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analog TX527 promote a stable regulatory T cell phenotype in T cells from type 1 diabetes patients.
    Authors: Van Belle T, Vanherwegen A, Feyaerts D, De Clercq P, Verstuyf A, Korf H, Gysemans C, Mathieu C
    PLoS ONE, 2014-10-03;9(10):e109194.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  19. Platelets provoke distinct dynamics of immune responses by differentially regulating CD4+ T-cell proliferation.
    Authors: Zhu L, Huang Z, Stalesen R, Hansson G, Li N
    J Thromb Haemost, 2014-06-27;12(7):1156-65.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  20. High avidity CD8+ T cells efficiently eliminate motile HIV-infected targets and execute a locally focused program of anti-viral function.
    Authors: Foley M, Forcier T, McAndrew E, Gonzalez M, Chen H, Juelg B, Walker B, Irvine D
    PLoS ONE, 2014-02-13;9(2):e87873.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  21. T cell-derived IL-22 amplifies IL-1beta-driven inflammation in human adipose tissue: relevance to obesity and type 2 diabetes.
    Authors: Dalmas E, Venteclef N, Caer C, Poitou C, Cremer I, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Bayry J, Kaveri S, Clement K, Andre S, Guerre-Millo M
    Diabetes, 2014-02-11;63(6):1966-77.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  22. Neuropilin-1 expression characterizes T follicular helper (Tfh) cells activated during B cell differentiation in human secondary lymphoid organs.
    Authors: Renand A, Milpied P, Rossignol J, Bruneau J, Lemonnier F, Dussiot M, Coulon S, Hermine O
    PLoS ONE, 2013-12-30;8(12):e85589.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  23. A novel data mining system points out hidden relationships between immunological markers in multiple sclerosis.
    Authors: Gironi, Maira, Saresella, Marina, Rovaris, Marco, Vaghi, Matilde, Nemni, Raffaell, Clerici, Mario, Grossi, Enzo
    Immun Ageing, 2013-01-10;10(1):1.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  24. The Th17 cytokine IL-22 induces IL-20 production in keratinocytes: a novel immunological cascade with potential relevance in psoriasis.
    Authors: Wolk K, Witte E, Warszawska K, Schulze-Tanzil G, Witte K, Philipp S, Kunz S, Docke WD, Asadullah K, Volk HD, Sterry W, Sabat R
    Eur. J. Immunol., 2009-12-01;39(12):3570-81.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  25. Human bronchial intraepithelial T cells produce interferon-gamma and stimulate epithelial cells.
    Authors: Hirosako S, Goto E, Fujii K, Tsumori K, Hirata N, Tsumura S, Kamohara H, Kohrogi H
    Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2008-11-26;155(2):266-74.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  26. The association of Sam68 with Vav1 contributes to tumorigenesis.
    Authors: Lazer G, Pe'er L, Schapira V, Richard S, Katzav S
    Cell. Signal., 2007-08-08;19(12):2479-86.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  27. Overlapping human leukocyte antigen class I/II binding peptide vaccine for the treatment of patients with stage IV melanoma: evidence of systemic immune dysfunction.
    Authors: Celis E, Celis E
    Cancer, 2007-07-01;110(1):203-14.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  28. Human dendritic cells acquire a semimature phenotype and lymph node homing potential through interaction with CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.
    Authors: Bayry J, Triebel F, Kaveri SV, Tough DF
    J. Immunol., 2007-04-01;178(7):4184-93.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  29. The soluble forms of CD28, CD86 and CTLA-4 constitute possible immunological markers in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm.
    Authors: Sakthivel P, Shively V, Kakoulidou M
    J. Intern. Med., 2007-04-01;261(4):399-407.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Plasma
    Applications: ELISA Development
  30. Effects of specific immunotherapy on the B7 family of costimulatory molecules in allergic inflammation.
    Authors: Piconi S, Trabattoni D, Saresella M, Iemoli E, Schenal M, Fusi A, Borelli M, Chen L, Mascheri A, Clerici M
    J. Immunol., 2007-02-01;178(3):1931-7.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  31. Suppression of immune responses in collagen-induced arthritis by a rationally designed CD80-binding peptide agent.
    Authors: Srinivasan M, Eri R, Zunt SL, Summerlin DJ, Brand DD, Blum JS
    Arthritis Rheum., 2007-02-01;56(2):498-508.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Binding Assay
  32. Autoantibodies against CD28 are associated with atopic diseases.
    Authors: Neuber K, Mahnss B, Hubner C, Gergely H, Weichenthal M
    Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2006-11-01;146(2):262-9.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
    Applications: Western Blot
  33. Flow-cytometric analysis of cytokine production in human paracoccidioidomycosis.
    Authors: Mamoni RL, Blotta MH
    Cytokine, 2006-10-11;35(3):207-16.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  34. Tristetraprolin down-regulates IL-2 gene expression through AU-rich element-mediated mRNA decay.
    Authors: Ogilvie RL, Abelson M, Hau HH, Vlasova I, Blackshear PJ, Bohjanen PR
    J. Immunol., 2005-01-15;174(2):953-61.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  35. IL-22 increases the innate immunity of tissues.
    Authors: Wolk K, Kunz S, Witte E, Friedrich M, Asadullah K, Sabat R
    Immunity, 2004-08-01;21(2):241-54.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  36. Induction of lysosomal and plasma membrane-bound sialidases in human T-cells via T-cell receptor.
    Authors: Wang P, Zhang J, Bian H, Wu P, Kuvelkar R, Kung TT, Crawley Y, Egan RW, Billah MM
    Biochem. J., 2004-06-01;380(0):425-33.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  37. HIV-1 Nef binds the DOCK2-ELMO1 complex to activate rac and inhibit lymphocyte chemotaxis.
    Authors: Janardhan A, Swigut T, Hill B, Myers MP, Skowronski J
    PLoS Biol., 2004-01-20;2(1):E6.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay
  38. Cutting edge: immune cells as sources and targets of the IL-10 family members?
    Authors: Wolk K, Kunz S, Asadullah K, Sabat R
    J. Immunol., 2002-06-01;168(11):5397-402.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Functional Assay

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