Human VEGF-C Biotinylated Antibody Summary
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: VEGF-C
Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D constitute a VEGF sub-family that share the conserved VEGF homology domain (VHD) with other VEGF family members but are distinguished by their preferential formation of non-covalent homodimers. Both VEGF-C and -D have long N- and C-terminal propeptide extensions. The VEGF-C propeptide undergoes stepwise proteolytic processing to generate ligands with increasing affinity for VEGF-R3. However, only the fully processed VEGF-C containing just the VHD can bind VEGF-R2. None of the VEGF-C forms have appreciable affinity for VEGF-R1. VEGF-C is expressed in multiple adult human tissues, most prominently in lymph nodes, heart, placenta, ovary, and small intestine. Traces of VEGF-C are also detected in brain, liver, thymus, skeletal muscles, spleen, prostate, testis and colon. Unlike other VEGF family members, VEGF-C expression is not regulated by hypoxia. VEGF-C is a lymphangiogenic growth factor and the VEGF-C/VEGF-R3 signaling pathway has been shown to be crucial for lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-C and VEGF-R3 are usually co-expressed at sites with lymphatic vessel sprouting, in the embryo, and in various pathological conditions. VEGF-C stimulates lymphangiogenesis in the avian chorioallantoic membrane model. Over-expression of VEGF-C in breast cancer cells has been shown to increase intratumoral lymphangiogenesis, resulting in enhanced metastasis to regional lymph nodes and to the lungs. Mouse tumors expressing elevated levels of VEGF-C have increased lymphatic metastasis and increased lymphatic surface area in the tumor margin. VEGF-C is also associated with lymph node metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. Besides lymphangiogenesis, VEGF-C can have potent effects on physiological angiogenesis through its interaction with VEGF R2. The protein can stimulate migration and proliferation of endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo and has been shown to stimulate angiogenesis in the mouse cornea and in rabbit hind limb ischaemia (1 - 10).
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- Joukov, V. et al. (1997) EMBO J. 16:3898.
- Lee, J. et al. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:1988.
- Oh, S. et al. (1997) Dev. Biol. 188:96.
- Witzenbichler, B. et al. (1998) Am. J. Pathol. 153:381.
- Cao, Y. et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95:14389.
- Stacker, S and M. Achen (1999) Growth Factors 17:1.
- Akagi, K. et al. (2000) Br. J. Cancer 83:887.
- Skobe, M. et al. (2001) Nature Medicine 2:192.
- Padera, T.P. et al. (2002) Science 296:1883.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human VEGF-C Biotinylated Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 2
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Ccbe1 regulates Vegfc-mediated induction of Vegfr3 signaling during embryonic lymphangiogenesis.
Authors: Le Guen L, Karpanen T, Schulte D, Harris N, Koltowska K, Roukens G, Bower N, van Impel A, Stacker S, Achen M, Schulte-Merker S, Hogan B
Development, 2014-02-12;141(6):1239-49.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: Western Blot -
Regulation of lymphatic capillary regeneration by interstitial flow in skin.
Authors: Goldman J, Conley KA, Raehl A, Bondy DM, Pytowski B, Swartz MA, Rutkowski JM, Jaroch DB, Ongstad EL
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2006-12-22;292(5):H2176-83.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-Fr
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