Home / Fluorescent Amyloid B Probes / Methoxy-X04

Methoxy-X04

Catalog #: 4920
41 Citations 1 Review Datasheet / COA / SDS
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4920/50
Methoxy-X04 | CAS No. 863918-78-9 | Fluorescent Amyloid B Probes
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Description: Brain penetrant fluorescent amyloid β probe. Used for: detection and quantification of plaques, tangles and cerebrovascular amyloid. Application: confocal microscopy, suitable for in vivo imaging

Chemical Name: 4,4'-[(2-methoxy-1,4-phenylene)di-(1E)-2,1-ethenediyl]bisphenol

Purity: ≥98%

Product Details
Citations (41)
Reviews (1)
Biological Activity Technical Data Background Product Datasheets Calculators

Biological Activity

Key information: Methoxy-X04 is a blood-brain barrier penetrant fluorescent amyloid β (Aβ) probe. Suitable for in vivo imaging.

Used for: the detection and quantification of Aβ plaques, tangles and cerebrovascular amyloid. Gives high resolution fluorescent imaging on individual plaques in live animals by 2-photon microscopy. Methoxy-X04 co-localizes with CD68+ phagosomes in plaque-associated Iba1+ microglia; and it labels molecularly distinct plaque-associated microglia populations.

Application: confocal microscopy, in vivo imaging.

Properties and Photophysical Data: Methoxy-X04 displays high in vitro binding affinity (Ki = 26.8 nM); binds selectively to fibrillar β-sheet deposits. Excitation and emission maxima (λ) are 370 nm and 452 nm, respectively.

Optical Data for Methoxy-X04

λabs 370 nm
λem 452 nm

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Technical Data

M.Wt:
344.4
Formula:
C23H20O3
Solubility:
Soluble to 100 mM in DMSO and to 10 mM in ethanol
Purity:
≥98%
Storage:
Store at +4°C
CAS No:
863918-78-9

The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.

Background References

  1. Time course of focused ultrasound effects on ?-amyloid plaque pathology in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    CT Poon, K Shah, C Lin, R Tse, KK Kim, S Mooney, I Aubert, B Stefanovic, K Hynynen
    Sci Rep, 2018;8(1):14061.
  2. IL-33 ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and cognitive decline
    AK Fu, KW Hung, MY Yuen, X Zhou, DS Mak, IC Chan, TH Cheung, B Zhang, WY Fu, FY Liew, NY Ip
    Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2016;0(0):.
  3. Dynamics of the microglial/amyloid interaction indicate a role in plaque maintenance.
    Bolmont et al.
    J.Neurosci., 2008;28:4283
  4. Human and mouse single-nucleus transcriptomics reveal TREM2-dependent and TREM2-independent cellular responses in Alzheimer's disease
    Y Zhou, WM Song, PS Andhey, A Swain, T Levy, KR Miller, PL Poliani, M Cominelli, S Grover, S Gilfillan, M Cella, TK Ulland, K Zaitsev, A Miyashita, T Ikeuchi, M Sainouchi, A Kakita, DA Bennett, JA Schneider, MR Nichols, SA Beausoleil, JD Ulrich, DM Holtzman, MN Artyomov, M Colonna
    Nat. Med., 2020;26(1):131-142.
  5. PPARγ/RXRα-induced and CD36-mediated microglial amyloid-β phagocytosis results in cognitive improvement in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice.
    Yamanaka et al.
    J.Neurosci., 2012;32:17321
  6. Imaging Aβ plaques in living transgenic mice with multiphoton microscopy and methoxy-X04, a systemically administered Congo red derivative.
    Klunk et al.
    J.Neuropathol.Exp.Neurol., 2002;61:797

Product Datasheets

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Citations for Methoxy-X04

The citations listed below are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for Methoxy-X04 include:

41 Citations: Showing 1 - 10

  1. The 18?kDa translocator protein is associated with microglia in the hippocampus of non-demented elderly subjects.
    Authors: Enikö Et al.
    Aging Brain  2023;2:100045
  2. Astrocytes display ultrastructural alterations and heterogeneity in the hippocampus of aged APP-PS1 mice and human post-mortem brain samples.
    Authors: Marie-Josée Et al.
    J Neuroinflammation  2023;20:73
  3. Trimethylamine N-Oxide Reduces Neurite Density and Plaque Intensity in a Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease.
    Authors: Ajay P Et al.
    J Alzheimers Dis  2022;90:585-597
  4. Longitudinal intravital imaging of cerebral microinfarction reveals a dynamic astrocyte reaction leading to glial scar formation.
    Authors: Soyeon Et al.
    Glia  2022;70:975-988
  5. Amyloid-β plaques affect astrocyte Kir4.1 protein expression but not function in the dentate gyrus of APP/PS1 mice.
    Authors: Lieneke Et al.
    Glia  2022;70:748-767
  6. Concerted type I interferon signaling in microglia and neural cells promotes memory impairment associated with amyloid β plaques.
    Authors: Wei Et al.
    Immunity  2022;55:879-894.e6
  7. Sustained Trem2 stabilization accelerates microglia heterogeneity and Aβ pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
    Authors: Ulrike Et al.
    Cell Rep  2022;39:110883
  8. Distinct Aβ pathology in the olfactory bulb and olfactory deficits in a mouse model of Aβ and α-syn co-pathology.
    Authors: Marco Et al.
    Brain Pathol  2022;32:e13032
  9. Microglia contribute to the propagation of Aβ into unaffected brain tissue.
    Authors: Oliver Et al.
    Nat Neurosci  2022;25:20-25
  10. Ultrastructural characterization of dark microglia during aging in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease pathology and in human post-mortem brain samples.
    Authors: Marie-Josée Et al.
    J Neuroinflammation  2022;19:235
  11. APP accumulates with presynaptic proteins around amyloid plaques: A role for presynaptic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease?
    Authors: Ulrike Et al.
    Alzheimers Dement  2022;18:2099-2116
  12. Novel App knock-in mouse model shows key features of amyloid pathology and reveals profound metabolic dysregulation of microglia.
    Authors: Christian Et al.
    Mol Neurodegener  2022;17:41
  13. Scalable tissue labeling and clearing of intact human organs.
    Authors: Ingo Et al.
    Nat Protoc  2022;17:2188-2215
  14. Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors Modulate Microglia Function and Amyloid Dynamics in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.
    Authors: Cecilia J Et al.
    Front Pharmacol  2022;13:841766
  15. Pathological changes induced by Alzheimer's brain inoculation in amyloid-beta plaque-bearing mice.
    Authors: Charles Et al.
    Acta Neuropathol Commun  2022;10:112
  16. Calcium signaling in individual APP/PS1 mouse dentate gyrus astrocytes increases ex vivo with Aβ pathology and age without affecting astrocyte network activity.
    Authors: Elly M Et al.
    J Neurosci Res  2022;100:1281-1295
  17. Population imaging of synaptically released glutamate in mouse hippocampal slices.
    Authors: Arthur Et al.
    STAR Protoc  2021;2:100877
  18. In vivo two-photon microscopy protocol for imaging microglial responses and spine elimination at sites of fibrinogen deposition in mouse brain.
    Authors: Katerina Et al.
    STAR Protoc  2021;2:100638
  19. Quantitative in vivo assessment of amyloid-beta phagocytic capacity in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.
    Authors: Wei Et al.
    STAR Protoc  2021;2:100265
  20. BAD-mediated neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathology.
    Authors: Jie Et al.
    iScience  2021;24:102942
  21. Microglia use TAM receptors to detect and engulf amyloid β plaques.
    Authors: Ling Et al.
    Nat Immunol  2021;22:586-594
  22. Retromer regulates the lysosomal clearance of MAPT/tau.
    Authors: Robert Et al.
    Autophagy  2021;17:2217-2237
  23. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy alleviates vascular dysfunction and amyloid burden in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model and in elderly patients.
    Authors: Uri Et al.
    Aging (Albany NY)  2021;13:20935-20961
  24. Different effects of constitutive and induced microbiota modulation on microglia in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
    Authors: Melanie Et al.
    Acta Neuropathol Commun  2020;8:119
  25. OCIAD1 contributes to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease by inducing mitochondria dysfunction, neuronal vulnerability and synaptic damages.
    Authors: Lin Et al.
    EBioMedicine  2020;51:102569
  26. IL-33-PU.1 Transcriptome Reprogramming Drives Functional State Transition and Clearance Activity of Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease.
    Authors: Tom H Et al.
    Cell Rep  2020;31:107530
  27. Microglia Dysfunction Caused by the Loss of Rhoa Disrupts Neuronal Physiology and Leads to Neurodegeneration
    Authors: Socodato Et al.
    Cell Rep  2020;31
  28. Depletion of NK Cells Improves Cognitive Function in the Alzheimer Disease Mouse Model.
    Authors: Xiangyu Et al.
    J Immunol  2020;205:502-510
  29. miRNA-31 Improves Cognition and Abolishes Amyloid-β Pathology by Targeting APP and BACE1 in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease.
    Authors: Elisabete Et al.
    Mol Ther Nucleic Acids  2020;19:1219-1236
  30. Cellular and Molecular Probing of Intact Human Organs
    Authors: Zhao Et al.
    Cell  2020;180:769
  31. β-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits inflammasome activation to attenuate Alzheimer's disease pathology.
    Authors: Thomas J Et al.
    J Neuroinflammation  2020;17:280
  32. A pilot study investigating the effects of voluntary exercise on capillary stalling and cerebral blood flow in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
    Authors: Chris B Et al.
    PLoS One  2020;15:e0235691
  33. Intraperitoneal injection of IFN-γ restores microglial autophagy, promotes amyloid-β clearance and improves cognition in APP/PS1 mice.
    Authors: Rui Et al.
    Cell Death Dis  2020;11:440
  34. High fat diet worsens Alzheimer's disease-related behavioral abnormalities and neuropathology in APP/PS1 mice, but not by synergistically decreasing cerebral blood flow.
    Authors: Chris B Et al.
    Sci Rep  2020;10:9884
  35. Complement C3 Is Activated in Human AD Brain and Is Required for Neurodegeneration in Mouse Models of Amyloidosis and Tauopathy.
    Authors: Tzu-Ming Et al.
    Cell Rep  2019;28:2111-2123.e6
  36. Malva parviflora extract ameliorates the deleterious effects of a high fat diet on the cognitive deficit in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by restoring microglial function via a PPAR-γ-dependent mechanism.
    Authors: Medrano-Jimé nez Et al.
    J Neuroinflammation  2019;16:143
  37. Transcranial optical imaging reveals a pathway for optimizing the delivery of immunotherapeutics to the brain.
    Authors: Plog Et al.
    JCI Insight  2018;3
  38. Microglial response to increasing amyloid load saturates with aging: a longitudinal dual tracer in vivo μPET-study.
    Authors: Blume Et al.
    J Neuroinflammation  2018;15:307
  39. TREM2 Maintains Microglial Metabolic Fitness in Alzheimer's Disease.
    Authors: Ulland Et al.
    Cell  2017;170:649
  40. Chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection enhances β-amyloid phagocytosis and clearance by recruited monocytes.
    Authors: Möhle Et al.
    Acta Neuropathol Commun  2016;4:25
  41. IL-33 ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and cognitive decline.
    Authors: Fu Et al.
    Elife  2016;113:E2705

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Methoxy staining for hippocampal slices
By Anonymous on 02/05/2020
Species: Mouse

The hippocampal slices from mice brain was dyed with methoxy X04 in PBS-EtOH solution. The slices were kept in dark and were then mounted with dako vector mounting media

Methoxy staining for hippocampal slices 4920
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