(+)-MK 801 maleate
Chemical Name: (5S,10R)-(+)-5-Methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate
Purity: ≥99%
Biological Activity
(+)-MK 801 maleate is a high affinity (Ki = 37.2 nM), selective and non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. (+)-MK 801 maleate acts by binding to a site located within the NMDA associated ion channel and thus prevents Ca2+ flux. It is an effective anti-ischemic agent in several animal models. (+)-MK 801 maleate increases motor activity in rat models. (+)-MK 801 maleate inhibits proliferation and increases apoptosis in hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). (+)-MK 801 maleate induces schizophrenia-like symptoms in rodents.(-)-enantiomer also available.
Technical Data
The technical data provided above is for guidance only.
For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Additional Information
Background References
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The dose-response relationship and therapeutic window for dizocilpine (MK-801) in a rat focal ischaemia model.
Hatfield et al.
Eur.J.Pharmacol., 1992;216:1 -
The neuroprotective action of dizocilpine (MK-801) in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of focal ischaemia.
Gill et al.
Br.J.Pharmacol., 1991;103:2030 -
The anticonvulsant MK 801 is a potent N-MthD.-aspartate antagonist.
Wong et al.
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A., 1986;83:7104 -
Uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists attenuate NMDA-induced impairment of passive avoidance learning and LTP.
Zajaczkowski et al.
Neuropharmacology, 1997;36:961 -
Effects of dizocilpine (MK-801) on motor activity and memory.
Carey et al.
Psychopharmacology, 1998;137:241 -
Effect of NMDA on proliferation and apoptosis in hippocampal neural stem cells treated with MK-801.
Ding et al.
Exp.Ther.Med., 2018;16:1137
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Citations for (+)-MK 801 maleate
The citations listed below are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for (+)-MK 801 maleate include:
91 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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NMDAR-Activated PP1 Dephosphorylates GluN2B to Modulate NMDAR Synaptic Content.
Authors: Chiu Et al.
Cell Rep 2019;28:332
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Time-dependent alterations in the expression of NMDA receptor subunits along the dorsoventral hippocampal axis in an animal model of nascent psychosis.
Authors: Dubovyk Et al.
ACS.Chem.Neurosci. 2018;9:2241
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Is Essential for the Maintenance of Energy Levels during Synaptic Activation.
Authors: Marinangeli Et al.
iScience 2018;9:1
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Activity-Dependent Downscaling of Subthreshold Synaptic Inputs during Slow-Wave-Sleep-like Activity In Vivo.
Authors: González-Rueda Et al.
Neuron 2018;97:1244
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Electrophysiological measurement of ion channels on plasma/organelle membranes using an on-chip lipid bilayer system.
Authors: Kamiya Et al.
Sci Rep 2018;8:17498
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The Developmental Shift of NMDA Receptor Composition Proceeds Independently of GluN2 Subunit-Specific GluN2 C-Terminal Sequences.
Authors: McKay Et al.
Cell Rep 2018;25:841
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DA Cells Differentially Regulate Striatal Cholinergic Transmission across Regions through Corelease of DA and Glutamate.
Authors: Cai and Ford
Cell Rep 2018;25:3148
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Sigma 1 Receptor Antagonists Inhibit Manic-Like Behaviors in Two Congenital Strains of Mice.
Authors: Sánchez-Blázquez Et al.
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018;21:938
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Neuronal Activity-Dependent Activation of Astroglial Calcineurin in Mouse Primary Hippocampal Cultures.
Authors: Lim Et al.
Int J Mol Sci 2018;19
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Astrocytes Control Circadian Timekeeping in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus via Glutamatergic Signaling.
Authors: Brancaccio Et al.
Neuron 2017;93:1420
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A novel crosstalk within the endocannabinoid system controls GABA transmission in the striatum.
Authors: Musella
Sci Rep 2017;7(1):7363
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Differential Somatic Ca2+ Channel Profile in Midbrain DArgic Neurons
Authors: Philippart Et al.
The Journal of Neuroscience 2016;6:7234
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Transient Oxygen/Glucose Deprivation Causes a Delayed Loss of Mitochondria and Increases Spontaneous Calcium Signaling in Astrocytic Processes.
Authors: O'Donnell Et al.
J Neurosci 2016;36:7109
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Glutathione-Induced Calcium Shifts in Chick Retinal Glial Cells.
Authors: Freitas Et al.
PLoS One 2016;11:e0153677
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Altered neuronal excitability underlies impaired hippocampal function in an animal model of psychosis.
Authors: Grüter Et al.
J Biol Chem 2015;9:117
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α-1 adrenoreceptors modulate GABA release onto ventral tegmental area DA neurons.
Authors: Velásquez-Martínez Et al.
BMC Neurosci 2015;88:110
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Functional plasticity of GAT-3 in avian Müller cells is regulated by neurons via a glutamatergic input.
Authors: Schitine Et al.
PLoS One 2015;82:42
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Miro1 deficiency in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Zhang Et al.
Cell Death Dis 2015;7:100
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Conformations of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) orchestrate neuronal survival by a crosstalk between EGFR and NMDAR.
Authors: Bertrand Et al.
Cell Death Dis 2015;6:e1924
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Calcium flux-independent NMDA receptor activity is required for Aβ oligomer-induced synaptic loss.
Authors: Birnbaum Et al.
J Clin Invest 2015;6:e1791
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Brain ischemia downregulates the neuroprotective GDNF-Ret signaling by a calpain-dependent mechanism in cultured hippocampal neurons.
Authors: Curcio Et al.
J Neurosci 2015;6:e1645
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Synaptic NMDA receptor activity is coupled to the transcriptional control of the glutathione system.
Authors: Baxter Et al.
Neuroscience 2015;6:6761
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The ON:OFF switch, σ1R-HINT1 protein, controls GPCR-NMDA receptor cross-regulation: implications in neurological disorders.
Authors: Rodríguez-Muñoz Et al.
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015;6:35458
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Miro1 Regulates Activity-Driven Positioning of Mitochondria within Astrocytic Processes Apposed to Synapses to Regulate Intracellular Calcium Signaling.
Authors: Stephen Et al.
Front Behav Neurosci 2015;35:15996
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Rewarding Effects of Optical Stimulation of Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamatergic Neurons.
Authors: Wang Et al.
J Neurosci 2015;35:15948
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Oligodendrocytes Are Targets of HIV-1 Tat: NMDA and AMPA Receptor-Mediated Effects on Survival and Development.
Authors: Zou Et al.
J Neurosci 2015;35:11384
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MFN2 couples glutamate excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in motor neurons.
Authors: Wang Et al.
Nat Commun 2015;290:168
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Region-specific role for GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in injury to Purkinje cells and CA1 neurons following global cerebral ischemia.
Authors: Quillinan Et al.
Neuropharmacology 2015;284:555
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Neurobehavioral Differences Between Mice Receiving Distinct Neuregulin Variants as Neonates; Impact on Sensitivity to MK-801.
Authors: Kato Et al.
Cell Death Dis 2015;15:222
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FTY720 attenuates excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation.
Authors: Cipriani Et al.
Curr Mol Med 2015;12:86
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Activity-dependent differences in function between proximal and distal Schaffer collaterals.
Authors: Owen and Grover
J Neurophysiol 2015;113:3646
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Decreased Expression of DREAM Promotes the Degeneration of Retinal Neurons.
Authors: Chintala Et al.
Front Aging Neurosci 2015;10:e0127776
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Glucocorticoid receptor gene inactivation in DA-innervated areas selectively decreases behavioral responses to amphetamine.
Authors: Parnaudeau Et al.
Front Behav Neurosci 2014;8:35
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Distinct molecular components for thalamic- and cortical-dependent plasticity in the lateral amygdala.
Authors: Mirante Et al.
J Neurosci 2014;7:62
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β-amyloid induces a dying-back process and remote trans-synaptic alterations in a microfluidic-based reconstructed neuronal network.
Authors: Deléglise Et al.
Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014;2:145
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The calcium-sensitive σ-1 receptor prevents cannabinoids from provoking glutamate NMDA receptor hypofunction: implications in antinociception and psychotic diseases.
Authors: Sánchez-Blázquez Et al.
Neurochem Int 2014;17:1943
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Deranged NMDAergic cortico-subthalamic transmission underlies parkinsonian motor deficits.
Authors: Pan Et al.
J Neuroinflammation 2014;124:4629
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NMDA-receptor activation but not ion flux is required for amyloid-β induced synaptic depression.
Authors: Tamburri Et al.
PLoS One 2013;8:e65350
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Activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors potentiates heteromeric kainate receptors.
Authors: Rojas Et al.
Mol Pharmacol 2013;83:106
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HINT1 protein cooperates with cannabinoid 1 receptor to negatively regulate glutamate NMDA receptor activity.
Authors: Vicente-Sánchez Et al.
Mol Brain 2013;6:42
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Impaired glutamate recycling and GluN2B-mediated neuronal calcium overload in mice lacking TGF-β1 in the CNS.
Authors: Koeglsperger Et al.
Glia 2013;61:985
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Calcium responses to synaptically activated bursts of action potentials and their synapse-independent replay in cultured networks of hippocampal neurons.
Authors: Bengtson Et al.
Biochim Biophys Acta 2013;1833:1672
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Non-Hebbian plasticity at C-fiber synapses in rat spinal cord lamina I neurons.
Authors: Naka Et al.
Pain 2013;154:1333
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Enhanced expression of WD repeat-containing protein 35 (WDR35) stimulated by domoic acid in rat hippocampus: involvement of reactive oxygen species generation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.
Authors: Tsunekawa Et al.
J Neuroinflammation 2013;14:4
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Neuregulin and BDNF induce a switch to NMDA receptor-dependent myelination by oligodendrocytes.
Authors: Lundgaard Et al.
PLoS Biol 2013;11:e1001743
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A modulatory effect of the feedback from higher visual areas to V1 in the mouse.
Authors: Pasquale and Sherman
J Neurophysiol 2013;109:2618
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Duodenal lipid sensing activates vagal afferents to regulate non-shivering brown fat thermogenesis in rats.
Authors: Blouet and Schwartz
PLoS One 2012;7:e51898
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Genetic inhibition of CaMKII in dorsal striatal medium spiny neurons reduces functional excitatory synapses and enhances intrinsic excitability.
Authors: Klug Et al.
PLoS One 2012;7:e45323
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Potentiation of NMDA receptor-dependent cell responses by extracellular high mobility group box 1 protein.
Authors: Pedrazzi Et al.
PLoS One 2012;7:e44518
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Differences in spontaneously avoiding or approaching mice reflect differences in CB1-mediated signaling of dorsal striatal transmission.
Authors: Laricchiuta Et al.
PLoS One 2012;7:e33260
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The mu-opioid receptor and the NMDA receptor associate in PAG neurons: implications in pain control.
Authors: Rodríguez-Muñoz Et al.
Neuropsychopharmacology 2012;37:338
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State-dependent increase of cortical gamma activity during REM sleep after selective blockade of NR2B subunit containing NMDA receptors.
Authors: Kocsis
Sleep 2012;35:1011
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Glutamate controls tPA recycling by astrocytes, which in turn influences glutamatergic signals.
Authors: Cassé Et al.
J Neurosci 2012;32:5186
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Opposing roles of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling in cocultured striatal and cortical neurons.
Authors: Kaufman Et al.
FASEB J 2012;32:3992
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Parasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling couples neuronal glutamate transporter function to AMPA receptor synaptic distribution and stability.
Authors: Jarzylo and Man
J Neurosci 2012;32:2552
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Endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression of afferent excitatory synapses in hippocampal pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons.
Authors: Peterfi Et al.
J Neurosci 2012;32:14448
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Interleukin-1β causes anxiety by interacting with the endocannabinoid system.
Authors: Rossi Et al.
J Neurosci 2012;32:13896
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Interaction between αCaMKII and GluN2B controls ERK-dependent plasticity.
Authors: Gaamouch Et al.
J Neurosci 2012;32:10767
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Pharmacological evidence that D-aspartate activates a current distinct from ionotropic glutamate receptor currents in Aplysia californica.
Authors: Carlson Et al.
Brain Behav 2012;2:391
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Intrinsic modulators of auditory thalamocortical transmission.
Authors: Lee and Sherman
Hear Res 2012;287:43
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Decreased afferent excitability contributes to synaptic depression during high-frequency stimulation in hippocampal area CA1.
Authors: Kim Et al.
J Neurophysiol 2012;108:1965
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CDK5 is essential for soluble amyloid β-induced degradation of GKAP and remodeling of the synaptic actin cytoskeleton.
Authors: Roselli Et al.
PLoS One 2011;6:e23097
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Pyramidal neurons are "neurogenic hubs" in the neurovascular coupling response to whisker stimulation.
Authors: Lecrux Et al.
J Neurosci 2011;31:9836
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Distinct functions of kainate receptors in the brain are determined by the auxiliary subunit Neto1.
Authors: Straub Et al.
Nat Neurosci 2011;14:866
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Glutamatergic mechanisms for speed control and network operation in the rodent locomotor CpG.
Authors: Talpalar and Kiehn
Front Neural Circuits 2010;4
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Suppression of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by synaptic activity.
Authors: Léveillé Et al.
J Neurosci 2010;30:2623
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Rapid activation of dormant presynaptic terminals by phorbol esters.
Authors: Chang Et al.
J Neurosci 2010;30:10048
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Na+ mechanism of delta-opioid receptor induced protection from anoxic K+ leakage in the cortex.
Authors: Chao Et al.
Cell Mol Life Sci 2009;66:1105
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Disassembly of shank and homer synaptic clusters is driven by soluble beta-amyloid(1-40) through divergent NMDAR-dependent signalling pathways.
Authors: Roselli Et al.
PLoS One 2009;4:e6011
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Mechanism of differential control of NMDA receptor activity by NR2 subunits.
Authors: Gielen Et al.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2009;459:703
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Clovamide and rosmarinic acid induce neuroprotective effects in in vitro models of neuronal death.
Authors: Fallarini Et al.
Br J Pharmacol 2009;157:1072
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Necrotic neurons enhance microglial neurotoxicity through induction of glutaminase by a MyD88-dependent pathway.
Authors: Pais Et al.
J Neurosci 2008;5:43
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Cortical adenylyl cyclase 1 is required for thalamocortical synapse maturation and aspects of layer IV barrel development.
Authors: Iwasato Et al.
J Neurosci 2008;28:5931
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Neuronal viability is controlled by a functional relation between synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors.
Authors: Léveillé Et al.
FASEB J 2008;22:4258
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A quantitative assessment of glutamate uptake into hippocampal synaptic terminals and astrocytes: new insights into a neuronal role for excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2).
Authors: Furness Et al.
Neuroscience 2008;157:80
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Increased thalamocortical synaptic response and decreased layer IV innervation in GAP-43 knockout mice.
Authors: Albright Et al.
J Neurophysiol 2007;98:1610
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PREGS induces LTP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult rats via the tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2B coupled to ERK/CREB [corrected] signaling.
Authors: Chen Et al.
J Neurophysiol 2007;98:1538
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Plasticity of intrinsic excitability during long-term depression is mediated through mGluR-dependent changes in I(h) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.
Authors: Brager and Johnston
J Neurosci 2007;27:13926
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A form of perforant path LTP can occur without ERK1/2 phosphorylation or immediate early gene induction.
Authors: Steward Et al.
Learn Mem 2007;14:433
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Activation of NMDA receptors increases proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal neural progenitor cells.
Authors: Joo Et al.
J Cell Sci 2007;120:1358
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Vasoconstrictive neurovascular coupling during focal ischemic depolarizations.
Authors: Shin Et al.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2006;26:1018
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Glutaric acid and its metabolites cause apoptosis in immature oligodendrocytes: a novel mechanism of white matter degeneration in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
Authors: Gerstner Et al.
Pediatr Res 2005;57:771
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D-serine is the dominant endogenous coagonist for NMDA receptor neurotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal slices.
Authors: Shleper Et al.
Nature 2005;25:9413
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Interactions between ephrin-B and metabotropic glutamate 1 receptors in brain tissue and cultured neurons.
Authors: Calò Et al.
J Neurosci 2005;25:2245
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein are targeted to discrete dendritic laminas by events that trigger epileptogenesis.
Authors: Tongiorgi Et al.
J Neurosci 2004;24:6842
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2,7-Bis-(4-amidinobenzylidene)-cycloheptan-1-one dihydrochloride, tPA stop, prevents tPA-enhanced excitotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: Liot Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004;24:1153
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Angiopoietin-1-induced PI3-kinase activation prevents neuronal apoptosis.
Authors: Valable Et al.
Oncotarget 2003;17:443
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Transforming growth factor alpha-induced expression of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor in astrocytes rescues neurons from excitotoxicity.
Authors: Gabriel Et al.
FASEB J 2003;17:277
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Development of a human neuronal cell model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected macrophage-induced neurotoxicity: apoptosis induced by HIV type 1 primary isolates and evidence for involvement of the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL-sensitive intrinsic apoptosis pa
Authors: Chen Et al.
J Virol 2002;76:9407
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Glutamate antagonists limit tumor growth.
Authors: Rzeski Et al.
J Neurosci 2001;98:6372
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Enhancement of glutamate release by L-fucose changes effects of glutamate receptor antagonists on long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampus.
Authors: Matthies Et al.
Learn Mem 2000;7:227
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