Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate
Chemical Name: (1aR,1bS,4aR,7aS,7bS,8R,9R,9aS)-1a,1b,4,4a,5,7a,7b,8,9,9a-Decahydro-4a,7b-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,6,8-tetramethyl-5-oxo-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]benz[1,2-e]azulen-9,9a-diyl butanoic acid ester
Purity: ≥97%
Biological Activity
Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate is a protein kinase C activator. Induces contraction of vascular smooth muscle and inhibits MLC phosphatase (MLCP) in vascular smooth muscle. Activity does not alter intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Also inhibits the activity of Na+,K+ ATPase in OK cells.For more information about how Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate may be used, see our protocol: Generation of β cells from hPSCs
Technical Data
The technical data provided above is for guidance only.
For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Background References
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Heterogeneity of protein kinase C-mediated rapid regulation of Na/K-ATPase in kidney epithelial cells.
Middleton et al.
J.Biol.Chem., 1993;268:15958 -
Presynaptic mechanism for phorphol ester-induced synaptic potentiation.
Hori et al.
J.Neurosci., 1999;19:7262 -
Augmented PDBu-mediated contaction of bronchial smooth muscle of mice with antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.
Sakai et al.
J.Smooth Muscle Res., 2010;46:259
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Citations for Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate
The citations listed below are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate include:
11 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Pressure and stiffness sensing together regulate vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching.
Authors: Gareth E Et al.
Sci Adv 2022;8:eabm3471
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Do more with Less: Improving High Parameter Cytometry Through Overnight Staining.
Authors: Oliver T Et al.
Curr Protoc 2022;2:e589
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A booster dose enhances immunogenicity of the COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in aged mice.
Authors: Sarah C Et al.
Med (N Y) 2021;2:243-262.e8
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Differential Regulation of ATP- and UTP-Evoked Prostaglandin E2 and IL-6 Production from Human Airway Epithelial Cells.
Authors: Timothy S Et al.
J Immunol 2021;207:1275-1287
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Neonatal-derived IL-17 producing dermal γδ T cells are required to prevent spontaneous atopic dermatitis.
Authors: Nidhi Et al.
Elife 2020;9
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A High-Resolution Method for Quantitative Molecular Analysis of Functionally Characterized Individual Synapses.
Authors: Zoltan Et al.
Cell Rep 2020;32:107968
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BCL-xL/BCL2L1 is a critical anti-apoptotic protein that promotes the survival of differentiating pancreatic cells from human pluripotent stem cells.
Authors: Xavier Et al.
Cell Death Dis 2020;11:378
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Mice Deficient in Nucleoporin Nup210 Develop Peripheral T Cell Alterations.
Authors: Nieuwenhuijze Et al.
Front Immunol 2018;9:2234
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Efficient generation of NKX6-1+ pancreatic progenitors from multiple human pluripotent stem cell lines.
Authors: Nostro Et al.
J Cell Biol 2015;4:591
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Endothelin-1 contributes to endothelial dysfunction and enhanced vasoconstriction through augmented superoxide production in penile arteries from Ins-resistant obese rats: role of ET(A) and ET(B) receptors.
Authors: Sánchez Et al.
Br J Pharmacol 2014;171:5682
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Constriction of retinal arterioles to endothelin-1: requisite role of rho kinase independent of protein kinase C and L-type calcium channels.
Authors: Yi Et al.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:2904-12
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