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Rat VEGF ELISA Kit - Quantikine

Catalog #: RRV00
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Rat VEGF ELISA Calibrator Diluent RD5-18 Standard Curve
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Citations (73)
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Summary Precision Recovery Linearity Data Examples Product Datasheets Preparation and Storage Background Related Research Areas

Rat VEGF Quantikine ELISA Kit Summary

Assay Type
Solid Phase Sandwich ELISA
Format
96-well strip plate
Assay Length
3.5 hours
Sample Type & Volume Required Per Well
Cell Culture Supernates (50 uL), Serum (50 uL), EDTA Plasma (50 uL), Heparin Plasma (50 uL)
Sensitivity
25 pg/mL
Assay Range
31.2 - 2,000 pg/mL (Cell Culture Supernates, Serum, EDTA Plasma, Heparin Plasma)
Specificity
Natural and recombinant rat VEGF. This assay cross-reacts 59% with Mouse VEGF120 (E.Coli-expressed), 73% with Mouse VEGF164 (Sf21-expressed), 14% with Canine VEGF164 (E.Coli-expressed), 26% with Human VEGF121 (Sf21-expressed), 31% with Human VEGF121 (E.Coli-expressed), 24% with Mouse VEGF162 (NS0-expressed), 0.2% with Human VEGF206 (E.Coli-expressed) and  5.2% with Human VEGF/PIGF.
Cross-reactivity
Cross-reactivity observed with 1 or more available related molecules.Cross-species reactivity observed with 1 or more species tested.
Interference
Interference observed with 1 or more available related molecules.

Product Summary

The Quantikine Rat VEGF Immunoassay is a 3.5 hour solid-phase ELISA designed to measure rat VEGF in cell culture supernates, serum, and plasma. It contains NS0-expressed recombinant rat VEGF and antibodies raised against the recombinant factor. This immunoassay has been shown to accurately quantitate the recombinant factor. Results obtained using natural rat VEGF showed linear curves that were parallel to the standard curves obtained using the Quantikine kit standards. These results indicate that this kit can be used to determine relative mass values for naturally occurring rat VEGF.

Precision

Intra-Assay Precision (Precision within an assay) Three samples of known concentration were tested on one plate to assess intra-assay precision
Inter-Assay Precision (Precision between assays) Three samples of known concentration were tested in separate assays to assess inter-assay precision

Cell Culture Supernates

Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision
Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3
n 20 20 20 65 60 65
Mean (pg/mL) 79.4 174 797 87.6 204 828
Standard Deviation 5.7 7 14.1 8.2 21.2 42.5
CV% 7.2 4 1.8 9.4 10.4 5.1

Serum, EDTA Plasma, Heparin Plasma

Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision
Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3
n 20 20 20 71 65 71
Mean (pg/mL) 103 191 891 107 233 900
Standard Deviation 3.8 10.7 19.7 8.5 23.3 41.1
CV% 3.7 5.6 2.2 7.9 10 4.6

Recovery

The recovery of rat VEGF spiked to three levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated.

Sample Type Average % Recovery Range %
Cell Culture Supernates (n=6) 103 94-108
EDTA Plasma (n=6) 102 95-108
Heparin Plasma (n=6) 92 80-100
Serum (n=6) 99 90-116

Linearity

To assess the linearity of the assay, samples containing and/or spiked with high concentrations of rat VEGF in each matrix were serially diluted with the appropriate Calibrator Diluent to produce samples with values within the dynamic range of the assay.
Rat VEGF ELISA Linearity

Scientific Data

N/A Rat VEGF ELISA Calibrator Diluent RD5-18 Standard Curve View Larger

Rat VEGF ELISA Calibrator Diluent RD5-18 Standard Curve

N/A Rat VEGF ELISA Calibrator Diluent RD5-3 Standard Curve View Larger

Rat VEGF ELISA Calibrator Diluent RD5-3 Standard Curve

Product Datasheets

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Preparation and Storage

Shipping
The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Storage
Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.

Background: VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and in adults (1-3). It is a member of the PDGF family that is characterized by the presence of eight conserved cysteine residues in a cystine knot structure and formation of anti-parallel disulfide-linked dimers (4). Alternately spliced isoforms of 120, 164, and 188 amino acids (aa) have been found in rats and mice, while 121, 145, 165, 183, 189, and 206 aa isoforms have been identified in humans (2, 4). In humans, VEGF165 appears to be the most abundant and potent isoform, followed by VEGF121 and VEGF189 (3, 4). The same pattern may exist in rats and mice. Isoforms other than VEGF120 and VEGF121 contain basic heparin-binding regions and are not freely diffusible (4). Rat VEGF164 shares 97% aa sequence identity with corresponding regions of mouse, 88% with human and bovine, 89% with porcine and canine, and 90% with feline and equine VEGF. VEGF is expressed in multiple cells and tissues including skeletal and cardiac muscle (5, 6), hepatocytes (7), osteoblasts (8), neutrophils (9), macrophages (10), keratinocytes (11), brown adipose tissue (12), CD34+ stem cells (13), endothelial cells (14), fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells (15). VEGF expression is induced by hypoxia and cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, Oncostatin M, and TNF-alpha (3, 4, 9). The isoforms are differentially expressed during development and in the adult (3). 

VEGF dimers bind to two related receptor tyrosine kinases, VEGF R1 (also called Flt-1) and VEGF R2 (Flk-1/KDR) and induce their homodimerization and autophosphorylation (3, 4, 7, 16, 17). These receptors have seven extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and an intracellular split tyrosine kinase domain. They are expressed on vascular endothelial cells and a range of non-endothelial cells. Although VEGF affinity is highest for binding to VEGF R1, VEGF R2 appears to be the primary mediator of VEGF angiogenic activity (3, 4). VEGF165 also binds the semaphorin receptor, neuropilin-1, which promotes complex formation with VEGF R2 (18). 
VEGF is best known for its role in vasculogenesis. During embryogenesis, VEGF regulates the proliferation, migration, and survival of endothelial cells (3, 4), thus regulating blood vessel density and size but playing no role in determining vascular patterns. VEGF promotes bone formation through osteoblast and chondroblast recruitment and is also a monocyte chemoattractant (19-21). In postnatal life, VEGF maintains endothelial cell integrity and is a potent mitogen for micro- and macro-vascular endothelial cells. In adults, VEGF functions mainly in wound healing and the female reproductive cycle (3). In diseased tissues, VEGF promotes vascular permeability. It is thus thought to contribute to tumor metastasis by promoting both extravasation and tumor angiogenesis (22, 23). Various strategies have been employed therapeutically to antagonize VEGF-mediated tumor angiogenesis (24). Circulating VEGF levels correlate with disease activity in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (25).

Long Name:
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Entrez Gene IDs:
7422 (Human); 22339 (Mouse); 83785 (Rat); 281572 (Bovine); 403802 (Canine); 493845 (Feline); 30682 (Zebrafish)
Alternate Names:
MVCD1; VAS; vascular endothelial growth factor A; Vascular permeability factor; Vasculotropin; VEGF; VEGFA; VEGF-A; VEGFMGC70609; VPF; VPFvascular endothelial growth factor
⚠ WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including N,N-Dimethylforamide, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Assay Procedure

Refer to the product for complete assay procedure.

Bring all reagents and samples to room temperature before use. It is recommended that all samples, standards, and controls be assayed in duplicate.
  1.   Prepare all reagents, standard dilutions, and samples as directed in the product insert.
  2.   Remove excess microplate strips from the plate frame, return them to the foil pouch containing the desiccant pack, and reseal.
    3. 50 µL Assay Diluent
  3.   Add 50 µL of Assay Diluent to each well.
    4. 50 µL Standard, Control, or Sample
  4.   Add 50 µL of Standard, Control, or sample to each well. Cover with a plate sealer, and incubate at room temperature for 2 hours on a horizontal orbital microplate shaker.
  5.   Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process 4 times for a total of 5 washes.
    6. 100 µL Conjugate
  6.   Add 100 µL of Conjugate to each well. Cover with a new plate sealer, and incubate at room temperature for 1 hour on the shaker.
  7.   Aspirate and wash 5 times.
    8. 100 µL Substrate Solution
  8.   Add 100 µL Substrate Solution to each well. Incubate at room temperature for 30 minutes on the benchtop. PROTECT FROM LIGHT.
    9. 100 µL Stop Solution
  9.   Add 100 µL of Stop Solution to each well. Read at 450 nm within 30 minutes. Set wavelength correction to 540 nm or 570 nm.

Citations for Rat VEGF Quantikine ELISA Kit

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

73 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Diabetes diminishes muscle precursor cell-mediated microvascular angiogenesis
    Authors: Acosta, FM;Pacelli, S;Rathbone, CR;
    PloS one
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  2. A Multifunctional Hybrid Nanocarrier for Non-Invasive siRNA Delivery to the Retina
    Authors: S Nishida, Y Takashima, R Udagawa, H Ibaraki, Y Seta, H Ishihara
    Pharmaceutics, 2023-02-11;15(2):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  3. A simple method to isolate structurally and chemically intact brain vascular basement membrane for neural regeneration following traumatic brain injury
    Authors: W Ji, Z Wu, J Wen, H Tang, Z Chen, B Xue, Z Tian, Y Ba, N Zhang, X Wen, B Hou
    Biomaterials research, 2023-01-12;27(1):2.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  4. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates lung injury instigated by Bisphenol-A via suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress
    Authors: OAR Abo-Zaid, FSM Moawed, HA Hassan, EM Moustafa
    Bmc Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2022-12-30;23(1):98.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  5. Hypoxia mimetics restore bone biomineralisation in hyperglycaemic environments
    Authors: A Rezaei, Y Li, M Turmaine, S Bertazzo, CA Howard, TR Arnett, K Shakib, G Jell
    Scientific Reports, 2022-08-17;12(1):13944.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  6. Intratracheal Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Hyperoxia-Induced Microbial Dysbiosis in the Lungs, Brain, and Gut in Newborn Rats
    Authors: SY Ahn, DK Sung, YS Chang, WS Park
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-06-13;23(12):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  7. A novel rat model of chronic subdural hematoma: Induction of inflammation and angiogenesis in the subdural space mimicking human-like features of progressively expanding hematoma
    Authors: X Xu, D Wang, Z Han, B Wang, W Gao, Y Fan, F Li, Z Zhou, C Gao, J Xiong, S Zhou, S Zhang, G Yang, R Jiang, J Zhang
    Brain research bulletin, 2021-04-28;172(0):108-119.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  8. Probiotic-Derived Polyphosphate Accelerates Intestinal Epithelia Wound Healing through Inducing Platelet-Derived Mediators
    Authors: S Isozaki, H Konishi, M Fujiya, H Tanaka, Y Murakami, S Kashima, K Ando, N Ueno, K Moriichi, T Okumura
    Mediators of Inflammation, 2021-03-29;2021(0):5582943.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Plasma
  9. Comparison of steroid hormones in�three�different preeclamptic models
    Authors: YY Shin, SM An, JS Jeong, SY Yang, GS Lee, EJ Hong, EB Jeung, SC Kim, BS An
    Molecular Medicine Reports, 2021-02-04;23(4):.
    Species: Human, Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates, Plasma
  10. Macrophage-Derived Inflammation Induces a Transcriptome Makeover in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhancing Their Potential for Tissue Repair
    Authors: I Maldonado-, N O'Neill, O Umland, J Verhaagen, M Oudega
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021-01-14;22(2):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  11. Optimized platelet rich plasma releasate (O-rPRP) repairs galactosemia-induced ovarian follicular loss in rats by activating mTOR signaling and inhibiting apoptosis
    Authors: W El Bakly, M Medhat, M Shafei, R Tash, M Elrefai, Y Shoukry, NN Omar
    Heliyon, 2020-09-21;6(9):e05006.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Plasma
  12. Combination Antioxidant/NSAID Therapies and Oral/Topical Ocular Delivery Modes for Prevention of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy in a Rat Model
    Authors: KD Beharry, CL Cai, F Siddiqui, C D'Agrosa, A Zangaladze, G Mustafa, A Qadri, TJ Duggan, JV Aranda
    Nutrients, 2020-07-03;12(7):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Culture Supernates
  13. Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Obese Diabetic Rats Following Myocardial Infarction: Role of Thymosin Beta-4
    Authors: KK Poh, PSS Lee, AH Djohan, MJ Galupo, GG Songco, TC Yeo, HC Tan, AM Richards, L Ye
    Cells, 2020-04-12;9(4):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  14. Myocardium-targeted transplantation of PHD2 shRNA-modified bone mesenchymal stem cells through ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction protects the heart from acute myocardial infarction
    Authors: Z Sun, Y Xie, RJ Lee, Y Chen, Q Jin, Q Lv, J Wang, Y Yang, Y Li, Y Cai, R Wang, Z Han, L Zhang, M Xie
    Theranostics, 2020-04-06;10(11):4967-4982.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernants
  15. Bumetanide Suppression of Angiogenesis in a Rat Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy
    Authors: S Guzel, CL Cai, T Ahmad, M Quan, GB Valencia, JV Aranda, KD Beharry
    Int J Mol Sci, 2020-02-02;21(3):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Serum
  16. A novel therapeutic approach using peripheral blood mononuclear cells preconditioned by oxygen-glucose deprivation
    Authors: M Hatakeyama, M Kanazawa, I Ninomiya, K Omae, Y Kimura, T Takahashi, O Onodera, M Fukushima, T Shimohata
    Sci Rep, 2019-11-14;9(1):16819.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  17. Stepwise Adipogenesis of Decellularized Cellular Extracellular Matrix Regulates Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Migration and Differentiation
    Authors: Z Zhang, R Qu, T Fan, J Ouyang, F Lu, J Dai
    Stem Cells Int, 2019-11-06;2019(0):1845926.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Extracellular Matrix
  18. Low-Energy Extracorporeal Shock Wave Ameliorates Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes and Promotes Pancreatic Beta Cells Regeneration in a Rat Model
    Authors: CC Hsiao, CC Lin, YS Hou, JY Ko, CJ Wang
    Int J Mol Sci, 2019-10-05;20(19):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Lysates
  19. Human Umbilical Tissue-Derived Cells Secrete Soluble VEGFR1 and Inhibit Choroidal Neovascularization
    Authors: J Cao, R Yang, TE Smith, S Evans, GW McCollum, SC Pomerantz, T Petley, IR Harris, JS Penn
    Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev, 2019-05-22;14(0):37-46.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  20. Blood glutamate EAAT2-cell grabbing therapy in cerebral ischemia
    Authors: M Pérez-Mato, R Iglesias-R, A Vieites-Pr, A Dopico-Lóp, B Argibay, H Fernández-, A da Silva-C, A Pérez-Díaz, C Correa-Paz, A Günther, P Ávila-Góme, M Isabel Loz, A Baumann, J Castillo, T Sobrino, F Campos
    EBioMedicine, 2018-12-13;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  21. Cell encapsulation enhances antidepressant effect of the mesenchymal stem cells and counteracts depressive-like behavior of treatment-resistant depressed rats
    Authors: K Kin, T Yasuhara, M Kameda, Y Tomita, M Umakoshi, K Kuwahara, I Kin, N Kidani, J Morimoto, M Okazaki, T Sasaki, N Tajiri, CV Borlongan, I Date
    Mol. Psychiatry, 2018-08-14;0(0):.
  22. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) induced systemic tumor growth can be reduced by suppression of resultant heat shock proteins
    Authors: M Ahmed, G Kumar, S Gourevitch, T Levchenko, E Galun, V Torchilin, SN Goldberg
    Int J Hyperthermia, 2018-04-24;0(0):1-25.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Serum
  23. The local cytokine and growth factor response to rhBMP-2 after spinal fusion
    Authors: JD Koerner, DZ Markova, GD Schroeder, BP Calio, A Shah, CW Brooks, AR Vaccaro, DG Anderson, CK Kepler
    Spine J, 2018-03-14;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Lysates
    Applications: ELISA (Standard)
  24. Myocardial infarction stabilization by cell-based expression of controlled Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor levels
    Authors: L Melly, G Cerino, A Frobert, S Cook, MN Giraud, T Carrel, HT Tevaearai, F Eckstein, B Rondelet, A Marsano, A Banfi
    J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2018-02-25;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  25. New arguments for beneficial effects of alpha-lipoic acid on the cardiovascular system in the course of type 2 diabetes
    Authors: M Dworacka, G Chukanova, S Iskakova, Y Kurmambaye, A Weso?owska, BA Frycz, PP Jagodzi?sk, G Dworacki
    Eur J Pharm Sci, 2018-02-07;117(0):41-47.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Serum
  26. ?-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Protects Early Diabetic Retina from Blood-Retinal Barrier Breakdown and Vascular Leakage via MC4R
    Authors: S Cai, Q Yang, M Hou, Q Han, H Zhang, J Wang, C Qi, Q Bo, Y Ru, W Yang, Z Gu, R Wei, Y Cao, X Li, Y Zhang
    Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 2018-01-25;45(2):505-522.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  27. Impact of Chronic Neonatal Intermittent Hypoxia on Severity of Retinal Damage in a Rat Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy
    Authors: KD Beharry, CL Cai, T Ahmad, S Guzel, GB Valencia, JV Aranda
    J Nat Sci, 2018-01-01;4(3):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  28. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by astaxanthin inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in high glucose-stimulated mesothelial cells
    Authors: K Hara, C Hamada, K Wakabayash, R Kanda, K Kaneko, S Horikoshi, Y Tomino, Y Suzuki
    PLoS ONE, 2017-09-19;12(9):e0184332.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  29. Inhibiting PHD2 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via lentiviral vector-mediated RNA interference facilitates the repair of periodontal tissue defects in SD rats
    Authors: C Chen, H Li, J Jiang, Q Zhang, F Yan
    Oncotarget, 2017-08-14;8(42):72676-72699.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  30. Protective effects on the retina after ranibizumab treatment in an ischemia model
    Authors: SC Joachim, M Renner, J Reinhard, C Theiss, C May, S Lohmann, S Reinehr, G Stute, A Faissner, K Marcus, HB Dick
    PLoS ONE, 2017-08-11;12(8):e0182407.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Aqueous Humor
  31. Protective effect of maternal uteroplacental insufficiency on oxygen-induced retinopathy in offspring: removing bias of premature birth
    Authors: S Becker, H Wang, B Yu, R Brown, X Han, RH Lane, ME Hartnett
    Sci Rep, 2017-02-14;7(0):42301.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Serum
  32. Alterations in VEGF expression induced by antidepressant drugs in female rats under chronic social stress
    Authors: MM Nowacka-Ch, M Paul-Samoj, AM Bielecka-W, JJ Barski, E Obuchowicz
    Exp Ther Med, 2017-01-02;13(2):723-730.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Serum
  33. Mesenchymal stem cells in corneal neovascularization: Comparison of different application routes
    Mol Med Rep, 2016-08-11;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  34. Optimal Route for Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation to Protect Against Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury: Gene Expression Profiles and Histopathology.
    Authors: Sung D, Chang Y, Ahn S, Sung S, Yoo H, Choi S, Kim S, Park W
    PLoS ONE, 2015-08-25;10(8):e0135574.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  35. Systemic siRNA Nanoparticle-Based Drugs Combined with Radiofrequency Ablation for Cancer Therapy.
    Authors: Ahmed M, Kumar G, Navarro G, Wang Y, Gourevitch S, Moussa M, Rozenblum N, Levchenko T, Galun E, Torchilin V, Goldberg S
    PLoS ONE, 2015-07-08;10(7):e0128910.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  36. Iron-hepcidin dysmetabolism, anemia and renal hypoxia, inflammation and fibrosis in the remnant kidney rat model.
    Authors: Garrido P, Ribeiro S, Fernandes J, Vala H, Bronze-da-Rocha E, Rocha-Pereira P, Belo L, Costa E, Santos-Silva A, Reis F
    PLoS ONE, 2015-04-13;10(4):e0124048.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Serum
  37. Leptin ameliorates ischemic necrosis of the femoral head in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.
    Authors: Zhou L, Jang K, Moon Y, Wagle S, Kim K, Lee K, Park B, Kim J
    Sci Rep, 2015-03-23;5(0):9397.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Plasma
  38. Metformin regulates ovarian angiogenesis and follicular development in a female polycystic ovary syndrome rat model.
    Authors: Di Pietro M, Parborell F, Irusta G, Pascuali N, Bas D, Bianchi M, Tesone M, Abramovich D
    Endocrinology, 2015-01-15;156(4):1453-63.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Extracts
  39. The effect of lithospermic acid, an antioxidant, on development of diabetic retinopathy in spontaneously obese diabetic rats.
    Authors: Jin C, Yu S, Wang X, Woo S, Park H, Lee H, Choi S, Kim K, Kim J, Park K, Jang H, Lim S
    PLoS ONE, 2014-06-06;9(6):e98232.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Aqueous Humor
  40. Antiangiogenic treatment diminishes renal injury and dysfunction via regulation of local AKT in early experimental diabetes.
    Authors: Bai X, Li X, Tian J, Zhou Z
    PLoS ONE, 2014-04-23;9(4):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Serum
  41. Mesenchymal stem cells from rats with chronic kidney disease exhibit premature senescence and loss of regenerative potential.
    Authors: Klinkhammer B, Kramann R, Mallau M, Makowska A, van Roeyen C, Rong S, Buecher E, Boor P, Kovacova K, Zok S, Denecke B, Stuettgen E, Otten S, Floege J, Kunter U
    PLoS ONE, 2014-03-25;9(3):e92115.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  42. Targeting Muller cell-derived VEGF164 to reduce intravitreal neovascularization in the rat model of retinopathy of prematurity.
    Authors: Jiang Y, Wang H, Culp D, Yang Z, Fotheringham L, Flannery J, Hammond S, Kafri T, Hartnett M
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014-02-10;55(2):824-31.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Serum
  43. Antagonism of bradykinin B2 receptor prevents inflammatory responses in human endothelial cells by quenching the NF-kB pathway activation.
    Authors: Terzuoli E, Meini S, Cucchi P, Catalani C, Cialdai C, Maggi C, Giachetti A, Ziche M, Donnini S
    PLoS ONE, 2014-01-02;9(1):e84358.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Synovial Fluid
  44. Platelet rich plasma clot releasate preconditioning induced PI3K/AKT/NFkappaB signaling enhances survival and regenerative function of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in hostile microenvironments.
    Authors: Peng Y, Huang S, Wu Y, Cheng B, Nie X, Liu H, Ma K, Zhou J, Gao D, Feng C, Yang S, Fu X
    Stem Cells Dev, 2013-08-30;22(24):3236-51.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  45. Diosmin alleviates retinal edema by protecting the blood-retinal barrier and reducing retinal vascular permeability during ischemia/reperfusion injury.
    Authors: Tong N, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Qiu Y, Gong Y, Yin L, Qiu Q, Wu X
    PLoS ONE, 2013-04-24;8(4):e61794.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  46. Anti-VEGF antibody leads to later atypical intravitreous neovascularization and activation of angiogenic pathways in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity.
    Authors: McCloskey M, Wang H, Jiang Y, Smith G, Strange J, Hartnett M
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013-03-21;54(3):2020-6.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Serum
  47. Early cardiac changes in a rat model of prediabetes: brain natriuretic peptide overexpression seems to be the best marker.
    Authors: Nunes S, Soares E, Fernandes J, Viana S, Carvalho E, Pereira F, Reis F
    Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2013-03-07;12(0):44.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Serum
  48. The restorative effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on damaged ovarian function.
    Authors: Takehara, Yuji, Yabuuchi, Akiko, Ezoe, Kenji, Kuroda, Tomoko, Yamadera, Rie, Sano, Chiaki, Murata, Nana, Aida, Takuya, Nakama, Ken, Aono, Fumihito, Aoyama, Naoki, Kato, Keiich, Kato, Osamu
    Lab Invest, 2012-11-19;93(2):181-93.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  49. Angiopoietins/TIE2 system and VEGF are involved in ovarian function in a DHEA rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Authors: Abramovich D, Irusta G, Bas D, Cataldi NI, Parborell F, Tesone M
    Endocrinology, 2012-05-10;153(7):3446-56.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  50. Angiogenesis is present in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and pro-angiogenic factors are increased in multiple sclerosis lesions.
    Authors: Seabrook TJ, Littlewood-Evans A, Brinkmann V, Pollinger B, Schnell C, Hiestand PC
    J Neuroinflammation, 2010-12-22;7(0):95.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  51. Matrix-binding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms guide granule cell migration in the cerebellum via VEGF receptor Flk1.
    Authors: Ruiz de Almodovar C, Coulon C, Salin PA, Knevels E, Chounlamountri N, Poesen K, Hermans K, Lambrechts D, Van Geyte K, Dhondt J, Dresselaers T, Renaud J, Aragones J, Zacchigna S, Geudens I, Gall D, Stroobants S, Mutin M, Dassonville K, Storkebaum E, Jordan BF, Eriksson U, Moons L, D'Hooge R, Haigh JJ, Belin MF, Schiffmann S, Van Hecke P, Gallez B, Vinckier S, Chedotal A, Honnorat J, Thomasset N, Carmeliet P, Meissirel C
    J. Neurosci., 2010-11-10;30(45):15052-66.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  52. Overexpressing cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes protects mesenchymal stem cells against hypoxia- and serum deprivation-induced apoptosis by activation of PI3K/Akt.
    Authors: Deng J, Han Y, Yan C, Tian X, Tao J, Kang J, Li S
    Apoptosis, 2010-04-01;15(4):463-73.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  53. Toll-like receptor 2 mediates mesenchymal stem cell-associated myocardial recovery and VEGF production following acute ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    Authors: Abarbanell AM, Wang Y, Herrmann JL
    Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2010-02-19;298(5):H1529-36.
    Species: Mouse, Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates, Tissue Homogenates
  54. Poly(Adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibition counteracts multiple manifestations of experimental type 1 diabetic nephropathy.
    Authors: Drel VR, Xu W, Zhang J, Pavlov IA, Shevalye H, Slusher B, Obrosova IG
    Endocrinology, 2009-10-23;150(12):5273-83.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  55. The role of supplemental oxygen and JAK/STAT signaling in intravitreous neovascularization in a ROP rat model.
    Authors: Byfield G, Budd S, Hartnett ME
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2009-03-05;50(7):3360-5.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  56. Phosphomannopentaose sulfate (PI-88) inhibits retinal leukostasis in diabetic rat.
    Authors: Ma P, Luo Y, Zhu X, Ma H, Hu J, Tang S
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2009-01-23;380(2):402-6.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  57. The effect of sustained delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor on angiogenesis in tissue-engineered intestine.
    Authors: Rocha FG, Sundback CA, Krebs NJ, Leach JK, Mooney DJ, Ashley SW, Vacanti JP, Whang EE
    Biomaterials, 2008-04-08;29(19):2884-90.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  58. Adenosine A(2B) receptor mediates an increase on VEGF-A production in rat kidney glomeruli.
    Authors: Valladares D, Quezada C, Montecinos P, Concha II, Yanez AJ, Sobrevia L, San Martin R
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2007-12-03;366(1):180-5.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  59. Insulin increases retinal hemorrhage in mild oxygen-induced retinopathy in the rat: inhibition by riluzole.
    Authors: Yoo MH, Yoon YH, Chung H, Cho KS, Koh JY
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2007-12-01;48(12):5671-6.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  60. Enhancement of glucose transporter expression of brain endothelial cells by vascular endothelial growth factor derived from glioma exposed to hypoxia.
    Authors: Yeh WL, Lin CJ, Fu WM
    Mol. Pharmacol., 2007-10-17;73(1):170-7.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  61. Triamcinolone acetonide protects the rat retina from STZ-induced acute inflammation and early vascular leakage.
    Authors: Kim YH, Choi MY, Kim YS, Park CH, Lee JH, Chung IY, Yoo JM, Choi WS, Cho GJ, Kang SS
    Life Sci., 2007-08-31;81(14):1167-73.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  62. In the adult mesenchymal stem cell population, source gender is a biologically relevant aspect of protective power.
    Authors: Crisostomo PR, Markel TA, Wang M, Lahm T, Lillemoe KD, Meldrum DR
    Surgery, 2007-08-01;142(2):215-21.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  63. Inhibition of hypoxia-induced increase of blood-brain barrier permeability by YC-1 through the antagonism of HIF-1alpha accumulation and VEGF expression.
    Authors: Yeh WL, Lu DY, Lin CJ, Liou HC, Fu WM
    Mol. Pharmacol., 2007-05-18;72(2):440-9.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  64. Bcl-2 engineered MSCs inhibited apoptosis and improved heart function.
    Authors: Li W, Ma N, Ong LL, Nesselmann C, Klopsch C, Ladilov Y, Furlani D, Piechaczek C, Moebius JM, Lutzow K, Lendlein A, Stamm C, Li RK, Steinhoff G
    Stem Cells, 2007-05-03;25(8):2118-27.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  65. Improved vascular engraftment and function of autotransplanted pancreatic islets as a result of partial pancreatectomy in the mouse and rat.
    Authors: Johansson M, Jansson L, Carlsson PO
    Diabetologia, 2007-04-04;50(6):1257-66.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Plasma
  66. Contributory role of VEGF overexpression in endothelin-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
    Authors: Shimojo N, Jesmin S, Zaedi S, Otsuki T, Maeda S, Yamaguchi N, Aonuma K, Hattori Y, Miyauchi T
    Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2007-03-16;293(1):H474-81.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  67. Nicotine-induced vascular endothelial growth factor release via the EGFR-ERK pathway in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.
    Authors: Kanda Y, Watanabe Y
    Life Sci., 2007-01-17;80(15):1409-14.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  68. Combination therapy with the advanced glycation end product cross-link breaker, alagebrium, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in diabetes: synergy or redundancy?
    Authors: Coughlan MT, Thallas-Bonke V, Pete J, Long DM, Gasser A, Tong DC, Arnstein M, Thorpe SR, Cooper ME, Forbes JM
    Endocrinology, 2006-11-16;148(2):886-95.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Urine
  69. Specific involvement of SRC family kinase activation in the pathogenesis of retinal neovascularization.
    Authors: Werdich XQ, Penn JS
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2006-11-01;47(11):5047-56.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  70. Oxidative stress during peritoneal dialysis: implications in functional and structural changes in the membrane.
    Authors: Noh H, Kim JS, Han KH, Lee GT, Song JS, Chung SH, Jeon JS, Ha H, Lee HB
    Kidney Int., 2006-06-01;69(11):2022-8.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  71. Exercise training improves aging-induced downregulation of VEGF angiogenic signaling cascade in hearts.
    Authors: Iemitsu M, Maeda S, Jesmin S, Otsuki T, Miyauchi T
    Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2006-04-14;291(3):H1290-8.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  72. Salvage effect of the vascular endothelial growth factor on chemically induced acute severe liver injury in rats.
    Authors: Namisaki T, Yoshiji H, Kojima H, Yoshii J, Ikenaka Y, Noguchi R, Sakurai S, Yanase K, Kitade M, Yamazaki M, Asada K, Uemura M, Nakamura M, Fukui H
    J. Hepatol., 2005-09-23;44(3):568-75.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
  73. Antagonism of vascular endothelial growth factor results in microvessel attrition and disorganization of wound tissue.
    Authors: Gudehithlu KP, Ahmed N, Wu H, Litbarg NO, Garber SL, Arruda JA, Dunea G, Singh AK
    J. Lab. Clin. Med., 2005-04-01;145(4):194-203.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Granuloma Fluid, Serum

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Rat VEGF Quantikine ELISA Kit
By Martin Torres on 09/27/2021
Sample Tested: rat small intestine tissue

We have acquired several times this kit since the results obtained have been reliable. For this experiment, we used this kit to quantify VEGF levels in adult rats (6-8 weeks' age) in small intestine samples (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum).

Rat VEGF Quantikine ELISA Kit RRV00
Rat VEGF Quantikine ELISA Kit
By Martin Torres on 09/23/2021
Sample Tested: Rat retinae

Quantikine Rat VEGF ELISA kit was used to assess the VEGF levels in rat retinae after Streptozotocin-induced diabetes (Streptozotocin: 60 mg/kg body weight; n=57, male Wistar Rats, 150-180 g. body weight each). The assays were accurate and consistent since the manufacturer guaranteed a low intra-assay difference and sensitivity, which was critical to quantify VEGF in this experiment properly. The figure shows our obtained values of VEGF after treating the rats with several treatments: C (control), DB (Streptozoticin-only), and two P2XtR receptor inhibitors (A740003 and AZ10606120) under control and DB-treatment.

Rat VEGF Quantikine ELISA Kit RRV00