Recombinant Canine PD-L1/B7-H1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Recombinant Canine PD-L1/B7-H1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF Summary

Product Specifications

Product Datasheets

Carrier Free

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: PD-L1/B7-H1

Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1), also known as B7-H1 and CD274, is a transmembrane glycoprotein in the B7 family of immune regulatory molecules. The B7 family is comprised of at least 10, structurally related members, and plays a central role in the regulation of T cell response by eliciting both positive co-stimulatory and negative inhibitory signals (1). Manipulation of B7 mediated signaling has shown potential in the treatment of autoimmunity, inflammatory diseases and cancer (1, 2). Mature PD-L1 consists of 1 IgV-like and 1 IgC-like region in the extracellular domain (ECD), a transmembrane region and a short intracellular domain. The ECD of canine PD-L1 shares 80% and 70% amino acid sequence identity with human and mouse PD-L1, respectively. In humans, alternative splicing can generate additional isoforms that either lack the first Ig-like domain or are truncated within the second Ig-like domain (3). PD-L1 binds to T cell B7-1/CD80 and PD-1 (4). PD-L1 is expressed on inflammatory-activated immune cells including macrophages, T cells, and B cells, keratinocytes, endothelial and intestinal epithelial cells, as well as a variety of carcinomas and melanoma (4). It suppresses T cell activation and proliferation and induces the apoptosis of activated T cells (5). It plays a role in the development of immune tolerance by promoting T cell anergy and enhancing regulatory T cell development (5, 6). PD-L1 favors the development of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-22 producing dendritic cells and inhibits the development of Th17 cells (5-7). In cancer, PD-L1 provides resistance to T cell mediated lysis, enhances EMT, and enhances the tumorigenic function of Th22 cells (8).

Related Research Areas

• Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Molecules
• Co-stimulatory Molecules Associated with Tfh Cells
• Epithelial Cell Markers and Intracellular Molecules
• Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC)
• Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)
• Surface Ectodermal Cells