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Recombinant Human IL-21 Protein

Catalog #: 8879-IL
24 Citations 4 Reviews Datasheet / COA / SDS
Analyzed by SEC-MALS

Carrier Free

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
8879-IL-010/CF
8879-IL-050/CF

With Carrier

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
8879-IL-010
8879-IL-050
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Recombinant Human IL‑21 Protein SEC-MALS.
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Product Details
Citations (24)
FAQs
Reviews (4)
Summary Product Datasheets Carrier Free Data Images Reconstitution Calculator Background Related Research Areas

Recombinant Human IL-21 Protein Summary

Product Specifications

Purity
>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its ability to enhance IFN-gamma secretion in NK-92 human natural killer lymphoma cells. The ED50 for this effect is ≤ 8 ng/mL.
Source
E. coli-derived human IL-21 protein
Gln32-Ser162 with a N-terminal Met
Accession #
Q9HBE4.3
N-terminal Sequence
Analysis
Met
Predicted Molecular Mass
15 kDa
SDS-PAGE
17 kDa, reducing conditions

Product Datasheets

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8879-IL (with carrier)

Product Datasheet
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SDS

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8879-IL/CF (carrier free)

Product Datasheet
COA
SDS

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

8879-IL

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, ≤ -20 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

8879-IL/CF

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, ≤ -20 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Scientific Data

SEC-MALS View Larger

Recombinant Human IL-21 Protein (Catalog # 8879-IL) has a molecular weight (MW) of 16.2 kDa as analyzed by SEC-MALS, suggesting that this protein is a monomer.

Bioactivity Recombinant Human IL-21 Protein Bioactivity View Larger

Recombinant Human IL-21 (Catalog # 8879-IL) enhances IFN-gamma secretion in NK-92 human natural killer lymphoma cells. The ED50 for this effect is ≤ 8 ng/mL.

Reconstitution Calculator

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: IL-21

IL-21 (Interleukin-21) is a potent cytokine regulating many cell types of the immune system. IL-21 is produced by activated T follicular helper cells (Tfh), Th17 cells, and NKT cells (2-6). Tfh-derived IL-21 plays an important role in the development of humoral immunity through its autocrine effects on the Tfh cell and paracrine effects on immunoglobulin affinity maturation, plasma cell differentiation, and B cell memory responses (4, 8, 9). IL-21 protein regulates several aspects of T cell function. It co-stimulates the activation, proliferation, and survival of CD8+ T cells and NKT cells and promotes Th17 cell polarization (3, 5, 6, 11, 12). IL-21 blocks the generation of regulatory T cells and their suppressive effects on CD4+ T cells (13, 14). In addition to its role in T cell biology, IL-21 also plays a critical role in B cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis (2). It is also required for the migration of dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes (10). And IL-21 suppresses cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions by limiting allergen-specific IgE production and mast cell degranulation (16). In the autoimmune disease Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a link between IL-21 and SLE disease susceptibility and progression was recently reported (19).

IL-21 protein exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex of gamma c and the IL-21-specific IL-21 R (2, 7). IL-21 is an approximately 14 kDa four-helix-bundle member of the family of cytokines that utilize the common gamma chain (gamma c) as a receptor subunit. gamma c is also a subunit of the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 (1). IL-21 R engagement enhances the cytolytic activity and IFN-gamma production of activated NK cells but limits the expansion of resting NK cells (15). Dysregulation of the IL-21/IL-21 R system contributes to the development of multiple immunological disorders (1, 17). The 133 amino acid (aa) mature human IL-21 protein shares 63% and 61% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-21 protein, respectively. Alternative splicing generates an additional isoform with a substitution of the C-terminal 16 amino acids (18).

References
  1. Tangye, S.G. (2015) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 34:107.
  2. Parrish-Novak, et al. (2000) Nature 408:57.
  3. Coquet, J.M. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:2827.
  4. Vogelzang, A. et al. (2008) Immunity 29:127.
  5. Korn, T. et al. (2007) Nature 448:484.
  6. Nurieva, R. et al. (2007) Nature 448:480.
  7. Asao, H. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:1.
  8. Zotos, D. et al. (2010) J. Exp. Med. 207:365.
  9. Rankin, A.L. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:667.
  10. Jin, H. et al. (2009) J. Clin. Invest. 119:47.
  11. Frohlich, A. et al. (2009) Science 324:1576.
  12. Yi, J.S. et al. (2009) Science 324:1572.
  13. Peluso, I. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:732.
  14. Bucher, C. et al. (2009) Blood 114:5375.
  15. Kasaian, M.T. et al. (2002) Immunity 16:559.
  16. Tamagawa-Mineoka, R. et al. (2011) J. Invest. Dermatol. 131:1513.
  17. Ma, J. et al. (2011) Cytokine 56:133.
  18. Rahman, M. et al. (2007) FEBS Lett. 581:4001.
  19. Wang, et al. (2018) Nature Commun. 9: 1758.
Long Name
Interleukin 21
Entrez Gene IDs
59067 (Human); 60505 (Mouse); 365769 (Rat); 442935 (Canine); 100344172 (Rabbit)
Alternate Names
CVID11; IL21; IL-21; IL-21Za11interleukin-21; interleukin 21; interleukin-21 isoform; Za11

Citations for Recombinant Human IL-21 Protein

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

24 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Dysregulated anti-oxidant signalling and compromised mitochondrial integrity negatively influence regulatory T cell function and viability in liver disease
    Authors: Vaikunthanathan, T;Landmann, E;Correa, DM;Romano, M;Trevelin, SC;Peng, Q;Crespo, E;Corrado, M;Lozano, JJ;Pearce, EL;Perpinan, E;Zoccarato, A;Siew, L;Edwards-Hicks, J;Khan, R;Luu, NT;Thursz, MR;Newsome, PN;Martinez-Llordella, M;Shah, N;Lechler, RI;Shah, AM;Sanchez-Fueyo, A;Lombardi, G;Safinia, N;
    EBioMedicine
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  2. Identification of T Cell Receptors Targeting a Neoantigen Derived from Recurrently Mutated FGFR3
    Authors: T Tate, S Matsumoto, K Nemoto, M Leisegang, S Nagayama, K Obama, Y Nakamura, K Kiyotani
    Cancers, 2023-02-06;15(4):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  3. PD-1highCXCR5-CD4+ peripheral helper T�cells promote CXCR3+ plasmablasts in human acute viral infection
    Authors: H Asashima, S Mohanty, M Comi, WE Ruff, KB Hoehn, P Wong, J Klein, C Lucas, I Cohen, S Coffey, N Lele, L Greta, K Raddassi, O Chaudhary, A Unterman, B Emu, SH Kleinstein, RR Montgomery, A Iwasaki, CS Dela Cruz, N Kaminski, AC Shaw, DA Hafler, TS Sumida
    Cell Reports, 2023-01-02;0(0):111895.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  4. CD27-Expressing Xenoantigen-Expanded Human Regulatory T Cells Are Efficient in Suppressing Xenogeneic Immune Response
    Authors: L Cao, X Ma, J Zhang, M Yang, Z He, C Yang, S Li, P Rong, W Wang
    Cell Transplantation, 2023-01-01;32(0):9636897221149.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  5. Serum neutralization activity declines but memory B cells persist after cure of chronic hepatitis C
    Authors: A Nishio, S Hasan, H Park, N Park, JH Salas, E Salinas, L Kardava, P Juneau, N Frumento, G Massaccesi, S Moir, JR Bailey, A Grakoui, MG Ghany, B Rehermann
    Nature Communications, 2022-09-16;13(1):5446.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  6. DLL4 and VCAM1 enhance the emergence of T cell-competent hematopoietic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells
    Authors: YS Michaels, JM Edgar, MC Major, EL Castle, C Zimmerman, T Yin, A Hagner, C Lau, HH Hsu, MI Ibañez-Rio, LJ Durland, DJHF Knapp, PW Zandstra
    Science Advances, 2022-08-24;8(34):eabn5522.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  7. Induced Human Regulatory T Cells Express the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor
    Authors: AKO Rode, TB Buus, V Mraz, FAH Al-Jaberi, DV Lopez, SL Ford, S Hennen, IP Eliasen, IV Klewe, L Gharehdagh, A Dragan, MM Rosenkilde, A Woetmann, L Skov, N Ødum, CM Bonefeld, M Kongsbak-W, C Geisler
    Cells, 2022-08-19;11(16):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Stimulation
  8. Over-Expression of Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 (AIF-1) in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Authors: K Piotrowska, S S?uczanows, M Kurzawski, V Dziedziejk, P Kopytko, E Paczkowska, D Rogi?ska, K Safranow, B Machali?sk, A Pawlik
    Biomolecules, 2020-07-16;10(7):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  9. Association of circulating SLAMF7+Tfh1 cells with IgG4 levels in patients with IgG4-related disease
    Authors: K Higashioka, Y Ota, T Maehara, M Moriyama, M Ayano, H Mitoma, M Akahoshi, Y Arinobu, T Horiuchi, S Nakamura, K Akashi, H Niiro
    BMC Immunol., 2020-06-01;21(1):31.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  10. B cell Sirt1 deacetylates histone and non-histone proteins for epigenetic modulation of AID expression and the antibody response
    Authors: H Gan, T Shen, DP Chupp, JR Taylor, HN Sanchez, X Li, Z Xu, H Zan, P Casali
    Sci Adv, 2020-04-01;6(14):eaay2793.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  11. IL-21 in Conjunction with Anti-CD40 and IL-4 Constitutes a Potent Polyclonal B Cell Stimulator for Monitoring Antigen-Specific Memory B Cells
    Authors: F Franke, GA Kirchenbau, S Kuerten, PV Lehmann
    Cells, 2020-02-13;9(2):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  12. IL-35 is critical in suppressing superantigenic Staphylococcus aureus-driven inflammatory Th17 responses in human nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue
    Authors: R Xu, RK Shears, R Sharma, M Krishna, C Webb, R Ali, X Wei, A Kadioglu, Q Zhang
    Mucosal Immunol, 2020-01-02;13(3):460-470.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  13. Inhibition of T Helper Cell Differentiation by Tacrolimus or Sirolimus Results in Reduced B-Cell Activation: Effects on T Follicular Helper Cells
    Authors: R Kraaijevel, Y Li, L Yan, K de Leur, M Dieterich, AMA Peeters, L Wang, Y Shi, CC Baan
    Transplant. Proc., 2019-11-14;51(10):3463-3473.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  14. TCDD-mediated suppression of na�ve human B cell IgM secretion involves aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated reduction in STAT3 serine 727 phosphorylation and is restored by Interferon-?
    Authors: LK Blevins, J Zhou, R Crawford, NE Kaminski
    Cell. Signal., 2019-10-31;65(0):109447.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  15. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated with a mutation in GATA3
    Authors: AE Patrick, W Wang, E Brokamp, TB Graham, TM Aune, JB Duis
    Arthritis Res. Ther., 2019-06-25;21(1):156.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  16. Locus suicide recombination actively occurs on the functionally rearranged IgH allele in B-cells from inflamed human lymphoid tissues
    Authors: I Dalloul, F Boyer, Z Dalloul, A Pignarre, G Caron, T Fest, F Chatonnet, C Delaloy, A Durandy, R Jeannet, E Lereclus, H Boutouil, JC Aldigier, S Péron, S Le Noir, J Cook-Morea, M Cogné
    PLoS Genet., 2019-06-14;15(6):e1007721.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  17. The KDM4A/KDM4C/NF-?B and WDR5 epigenetic cascade regulates the activation of B cells
    Authors: KH Hung, YH Woo, IY Lin, CH Liu, LC Wang, HY Chen, BL Chiang, KI Lin
    Nucleic Acids Res., 2018-06-20;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  18. Effective screening of T cells recognizing neoantigens and construction of T-cell receptor-engineered T cells
    Authors: T Kato, T Matsuda, Y Ikeda, JH Park, M Leisegang, S Yoshimura, T Hikichi, M Harada, M Zewde, S Sato, K Hasegawa, K Kiyotani, Y Nakamura
    Oncotarget, 2018-01-13;9(13):11009-11019.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  19. The transcriptional coactivator TAZ regulates reciprocal differentiation of TH17 cells and Treg cells
    Authors: J Geng, S Yu, H Zhao, X Sun, X Li, P Wang, X Xiong, L Hong, C Xie, J Gao, Y Shi, J Peng, RL Johnson, N Xiao, L Lu, J Han, D Zhou, L Chen
    Nat. Immunol., 2017-05-15;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  20. Rad52 competes with Ku70/Ku86 for binding to S-region DSB ends to modulate antibody class-switch DNA recombination
    Authors: H Zan, C Tat, Z Qiu, JR Taylor, JA Guerrero, T Shen, P Casali
    Nat Commun, 2017-02-08;8(0):14244.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  21. The small FOXP1 isoform predominantly expressed in activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and full length FOXP1 exert similar oncogenic and transcriptional activity in human B cells
    Haematologica, 2016-12-01;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  22. Developing in vitro expanded CD45RA+ regulatory T cells as an adoptive cell therapy for Crohn's disease
    Authors: James B Canavan
    Gut, 2015-02-24;65(4):584-94.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  23. Decreased RORC-dependent silencing of prostaglandin receptor EP2 induces autoimmune Th17 cells.
    Authors: Kofler D, Marson A, Dominguez-Villar M, Xiao S, Kuchroo V, Hafler D
    J Clin Invest, 2014-05-08;124(6):2513-22.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  24. Eosinophils regulate peripheral B cell numbers in both mice and humans.
    Authors: Wong, Tina W, Doyle, Alfred D, Lee, James J, Jelinek, Diane F
    J Immunol, 2014-03-10;192(8):3548-58.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay

FAQs

  1. Is there a mass to unit conversion for Recombinant Human IL-21 Protein (Catalog # 8879-IL & Catalog # 8879-IL/CF)?

    • We have not developed a specific mass to unit conversion factor for Recombinant Human IL-21 Protein (Catalog # 8879-IL & 8879-IL/CF). We recommend checking the Citations tab on the product-specific page to review publications citing use of the product.  We also recommend performing a dose-response study for your assay to determine the optimal concentration for your experiment.

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Reviews for Recombinant Human IL-21 Protein

Average Rating: 4.3 (Based on 4 Reviews)

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