Recombinant Human MD-2 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human MD-2 Protein
Brand: R&D Systems
SKU: 1787-MD
Rating: 4 (1 reviews)

Catalog #: 1787-MD
17 Citations 1 Review Datasheet / COA / SDS

Carrier Free

Catalog #	Availability	Size / Price	Qty
1787-MD-050/CF

With Carrier

Catalog #	Availability	Size / Price	Qty
1787-MD-050

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Product Details

Citations (17)

FAQs

Reviews (1)

Summary Product Datasheets Carrier Free Data Images Reconstitution Calculator Background Related Research Areas

Recombinant Human MD-2 Protein Summary

Product Specifications

Purity

>90%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Activity

Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When recombinant human TLR-4 is Immobilized at 2 µg/mL (100 µL/well), the concentration of rhMD-2 that produces 50% optimal binding response is found to be approximately 0.03-0.15 µg/mL.

Source

E. coli-derived human MD2 protein

Met	Human MD-2 (Glu17 - Asn160) Accession # BAA78717	IEGRGGGSGGGSGGGS	10-His tag
N-terminus			C-terminus

Accession #

BAA78717

N-terminal Sequence
Analysis

Met

Predicted Molecular Mass

19.2 kDa (monomer)

Product Datasheets

1787-MD (with carrier)

Product Datasheet

COA

SDS

1787-MD/CF (carrier free)

Product Datasheet

COA

SDS

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

1787-MD

Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution	Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage:	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

1787-MD/CF

Formulation	Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA.
Shipping	The product is shipped with dry ice or equivalent. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage:	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after opening. 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after opening.

Reconstitution Calculator

Background: MD2

MD-2, also known as lymphocyte antigen 96 and ESOP-1, is a secreted glycoprotein that shares conserved cysteine residues and significant sequence similarity (23%) with MD-1. The gene of human MD-2 encodes a 160 amino acid residue (aa) precursor protein with a 16 aa signal peptide and a 144 aa mature protein, which contains 2 N‑glycosylation sites (1). Recombinant secreted MD‑2 has been found to exist as disulfide-linked dimers and oligomers (2).

Both MD-1 and MD-2 are accessory molecules that associate with the extracellular leucine-rich repeats (LRR) of Toll-like receptor (TLR) family members, which are type I transmembrane receptors that regulate innate immune responses to microbial pathogens (3, 4). MD-1 binds to RP105 on B cells and macrophages to form the signaling receptor complex for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Similarly, MD-2 interacts with TLR-4 to form the heteromeric receptor that confers LPS responsiveness. MD-2 also associates with TLR-2, albeit with less avidity, to confer responsiveness to cell wall components from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MD-1 and MD-2 are also required for the correct targeting of the TLRs to the cell surface. Although MD-2 glycosylation is not crucial for its surface expression and interaction with TLR-4, it is required for LPS binding and signaling (5).

References

Shimazu, R. et al. (1999) J. Exp. Med. 189:1777.
Visintin, A. et al. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:12156.
Nagai, Y. et al. (2002) Nature Immunology 3:667.
Akashi, S. et al. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 198:1035.
Correia, J. and R. Ulevitch (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:1845.

Long Name

Myeloid Differentiation Protein 2/Lymphocyte Antigen 96

Entrez Gene IDs

23643 (Human); 17087 (Mouse); 102118398 (Cynomolgus Monkey)

Alternate Names

ESOP1; ESOP-1; LY96; ly-96; lymphocyte antigen 96; MD2; MD-2; myeloid differentiation protein-2; Protein MD-2

Related Research Areas

Citations for Recombinant Human MD-2 Protein

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

17 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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The antimicrobial peptide LK2(6)A(L) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by binding to the myeloid differentiation 2 domain and protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice
Authors: J Zhang, Y Sun, C Sun, D Shang
Bioorganic chemistry, 2023-01-18;132(0):106376.
Species: N/A
Sample Types: Peptide
Applications: SPR
A Xanthohumol-Rich Hop Extract Diminishes Endotoxin-Induced Activation of TLR4 Signaling in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: A Study in Healthy Women
Authors: F Jung, R Staltner, A Baumann, K Burger, E Halilbasic, C Hellerbran, I Bergheim
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-10-21;23(20):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: Bioassay
Exercise-Induced Irisin Decreases Inflammation and Improves NAFLD by Competitive Binding with MD2
Authors: W Zhu, NE Sahar, HMA Javaid, ES Pak, G Liang, Y Wang, H Ha, JY Huh
Cells, 2021-11-25;10(12):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
Flavokawain B alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury via targeting myeloid differentiation factor 2
Authors: W Luo, LB Yang, CC Qian, B Ma, GM Manjengwa, XM Miao, J Wang, CH Hu, B Jin, LX Zhang, C Zheng, G Liang, Y Wang
Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 2021-11-04;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Recombinant Proteins
Applications: SPR
The soluble cytoplasmic tail of CD45 regulates T cell activation via TLR4 signaling
Authors: A Puck, S Künig, M Modak, L May, P Fritz, C Battin, K Radakovics, P Steinberge, BM Reipert, BA Crowe, J Stöckl
European Journal of Immunology, 2021-10-20;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
Astilbin prevents osteoarthritis development through the TLR4/MD-2 pathway
Authors: S Sun, Z Yan, X Shui, W Qi, Y Chen, X Xu, Y Hu, W Guo, P Shang
J Cell Mol Med, 2020-10-16;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Peptide
Applications: ELISA Capture
MD2 activation by direct AGE interaction drives inflammatory diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Y Wang, W Luo, J Han, ZA Khan, Q Fang, Y Jin, X Chen, Y Zhang, M Wang, J Qian, W Huang, H Lum, G Wu, G Liang
Nat Commun, 2020-05-01;11(1):2148.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: Bioassay
Macrophage-derived myeloid differentiation protein 2 plays an essential role in ox-LDL-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis
Authors: T Chen, W Huang, J Qian, W Luo, P Shan, Y Cai, K Lin, G Wu, G Liang
EBioMedicine, 2020-03-06;53(0):102706.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Bioassay
Procyanidin B3 alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration via interaction with the TLR4/MD-2 complex
Authors: P Shang, Q Tang, Z Hu, S Huang, Y Hu, J Zhu, H Liu
J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2020-02-18;0(0):.
Applications: ELISA (Standard)
Inorganic polyphosphate potentiates lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory response
Authors: T Ito, S Yamamoto, K Yamaguchi, M Sato, Y Kaneko, S Goto, Y Goto, I Narita
J. Biol. Chem., 2020-02-10;0(0):.
Species: N/A
Sample Types: Complex Sample Type
Applications: Bioassay

Folic acid derived-P5779 mimetics regulate DAMP-mediated inflammation through disruption of HMGB1:TLR4:MD-2 axes
Authors: S Sun, M He, Y Wang, H Yang, Y Al-Abed
PLoS ONE, 2018-02-15;13(2):e0193028.
Applications: Bioassay

Estradiol alters the immune-responsiveness of cervical epithelial cells stimulated with ligands of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4
Authors: B S Lashkari, DO Anumba
PLoS ONE, 2017-03-15;12(3):e0173646.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

IRAK4 as a molecular target in the amelioration of innate immunity-related endotoxic shock and acute liver injury by chlorogenic acid.
Authors: Park, Sun Hong, Baek, Seung-Il, Yun, Jieun, Lee, Seungmin, Yoon, Da Young, Jung, Jae-Kyun, Jung, Sang-Hun, Hwang, Bang Yeo, Hong, Jin Tae, Han, Sang-Bae, Kim, Youngsoo
J Immunol, 2014-12-29;194(3):1122-30.
Applications: Bioassay

PTX3 binds MD-2 and promotes TRIF-dependent immune protection in aspergillosis.
Authors: Bozza S, Campo S, Arseni B, Inforzato A, Ragnar L, Bottazzi B, Mantovani A, Moretti S, Oikonomous V, De Santis R, Carvalho A, Salvatori G, Romani L
J Immunol, 2014-07-21;193(5):2340-8.
Species: Human
Sample Types: In Vivo, Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay, In Vivo

Zhankuic acid A isolated from Taiwanofungus camphoratus is a novel selective TLR4/MD-2 antagonist with anti-inflammatory properties.
Authors: Chen, Yu-Fon, Shiau, Ai-Li, Wang, Sheng-Hu, Yang, Jai-Sing, Chang, Sue-Joan, Wu, Chao-Lia, Wu, Tian-Shu
J Immunol, 2014-02-14;192(6):2778-86.
Species: Bacteria - Taiwanofungus camphoratus
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: Bioassay

Sialyl residues modulate LPS-mediated signaling through the Toll-like receptor 4 complex.
Authors: Feng C, Stamatos NM, Dragan AI, Medvedev A, Whitford M, Zhang L, Song C, Rallabhandi P, Cole L, Nhu QM, Vogel SN, Geddes CD, Cross AS
PLoS ONE, 2012-04-09;7(4):e32359.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

A cyanobacterial LPS antagonist prevents endotoxin shock and blocks sustained TLR4 stimulation required for cytokine expression.
Authors: Macagno A, Molteni M, Rinaldi A
J. Exp. Med., 2006-05-22;203(6):1481-92.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Buffer
Applications: ELISA Developmet