Recombinant Human PDGF-AA Protein, CF Summary
Product Specifications
Ser87-Thr211, with and without an N-terminal Met
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
221-AA
Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA. |
Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl. |
Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Scientific Data
Recombinant Human PDGF-AA 221-AA stimulates cell proliferation in the NR6R‑3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line in a dose-dependent manner. The ED50 for this effect is 50-200 ng/mL.
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: PDGF-AA
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was discovered as a major mitogenic factor present in serum but absent from plasma. It was found to be secreted from the alpha -granules of platelets activated during the coagulation of blood to form serum. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that PDGF is not one molecule but three, each a dimeric combination of two distinct but structurally related peptide chains designated A and B. The dimeric isoforms PDGF-AA, AB and BB are differentially expressed in various cell types and their effects are mediated through two distinct receptors, termed alpha and beta. Differences exist in isoform binding to each receptor. In general, PDGF isoforms are potent mitogens for connective tissue cells, including dermal fibroblasts, glial cells, arterial smooth muscle cells and some epithelial and endothelial cells. In addition to its activity as a mitogen, PDGF is chemotactic for fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Other reported activities for PDGF include stimulation of granule release by neutrophils and monocytes, facilitation of steroid synthesis by Leydig cells, stimulation of neutrophil phagocytosis, inhibition of natural killer (NK) cell activity, stimulation of collagen synthesis, modulation of thrombospondin expression and secretion, stimulation of collagenase activity and secretion, induction of contraction of rat aorta strips in vitro, and transient induction of T cell IL-2 secretion accompanied by a down-regulation of IL-4 and IFN-gamma production, temporary effects that may allow clonal expansion of antigen-activated B and T helper lymphocytes prior to differentiation. PDGF also appears to be ubiquitous in neurons throughout the CNS, where it is suggested to play an important role in neuron survival and regeneration, and in mediation of glial cell proliferation and differentiation.
Citations for Recombinant Human PDGF-AA Protein, CF
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Pervasive environmental chemicals impair oligodendrocyte development
Authors: EF Cohn, BLL Clayton, M Madhavan, S Yacoub, Y Federov, K Paul-Fried, TJ Shafer, PJ Tesar
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2023-02-12;0(0):.
Species: Human, Mouse
Sample Types: Organoid, Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Activating transcription factor-2 supports the antioxidant capacity and ability of human mesenchymal stem cells to prevent asthmatic airway inflammation
Authors: H Ju, H Yun, Y Kim, YJ Nam, S Lee, J Lee, SM Jeong, J Heo, H Kwon, YS Cho, G Jeong, CM Ryu, DM Shin
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, 2023-02-10;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Extracellular Vesicle Treatment Alleviates Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Pathology in Cortical Spheroid Model of Down Syndrome
Authors: NB Campbell, Y Patel, TL Moore, M Medalla, E Zeldich
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023-02-09;24(4):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Spheroid
Applications: Bioassay -
Analysis of the chemotactic factors for tumor-infiltrating fibrocytes and their prognostic significances in lung cancer
Authors: M Tobiume, A Mitsuhashi, A Saijo, H Ogino, T Afroj, H Ogawa, H Goto, S Sato, A Abe, K Haji, R Ozaki, H Takizawa, Y Nishioka
Oncology Letters, 2022-09-30;24(5):417.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Midkine expression by stem-like tumor cells drives persistence to mTOR inhibition and an immune-suppressive microenvironment
Authors: Y Tang, DJ Kwiatkowsk, EP Henske
Nature Communications, 2022-08-26;13(1):5018.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Oligodendrocyte differentiation alters tRNA modifications and codon optimality-mediated mRNA decay
Authors: S Martin, KC Allan, O Pinkard, T Sweet, PJ Tesar, J Coller
Nature Communications, 2022-08-25;13(1):5003.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
SM22alpha-lineage niche cells regulate intramembranous bone regeneration via PDGFRbeta-triggered hydrogen sulfide production
Authors: X Zhou, J Liu, Y Zheng, Z Zhang, Y Wu, W Yang, J Liu, Y Huang, Y Yi, Z Zhao, H Xiao, X Mo, J Wang
Cell Reports, 2022-05-03;39(5):110750.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
PDGFR-beta signaling mediates HMGB1 release in mechanically stressed vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: JO Kim, SE Baek, EY Jeon, JM Choi, EJ Jang, CD Kim
PLoS ONE, 2022-03-16;17(3):e0265191.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
PDGFR&alpha: Expression and Function during Mitral Valve Morphogenesis
Authors: K Moore, D Fulmer, L Guo, N Koren, J Glover, R Moore, C Gensemer, T Beck, J Morningsta, R Stairley, RA Norris
Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, 2021-03-13;8(3):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Single-cell transcriptomic reveals molecular diversity and developmental heterogeneity of human stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte lineage cells
Authors: X Chamling, A Kallman, W Fang, CA Berlinicke, JL Mertz, P Devkota, IEM Pantoja, MD Smith, Z Ji, C Chang, A Kaushik, L Chen, KA Whartenby, PA Calabresi, HQ Mao, H Ji, TH Wang, DJ Zack
Nature Communications, 2021-01-28;12(1):652.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
ApoE-Isoform-Dependent SARS-CoV-2 Neurotropism and Cellular Response
Authors: C Wang, M Zhang, G Garcia, E Tian, Q Cui, X Chen, G Sun, J Wang, V Arumugaswa, Y Shi
Cell Stem Cell, 2021-01-04;28(2):331-342.e5.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Pluripotent epigenetic regulator OBP-801 maintains filtering blebs in glaucoma filtration surgery model
Authors: Y Yamamoto, A Mukai, T Ikushima, Y Urata, S Kinoshita, J Hamuro, M Ueno, C Sotozono
Scientific Reports, 2020-12-01;10(1):20936.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
PDGFRA in vascular adventitial MSCs promotes neointima formation in arteriovenous fistula in chronic kidney disease
Authors: K Song, Y Qing, Q Guo, EK Peden, C Chen, WE Mitch, L Truong, J Cheng
JCI Insight, 2020-11-05;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Non-canonical Targets of HIF1a Impair Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Function
Authors: KC Allan, LR Hu, MA Scavuzzo, AR Morton, AS Gevorgyan, EF Cohn, BLL Clayton, IR Bederman, S Hung, CF Bartels, M Madhavan, PJ Tesar
Cell Stem Cell, 2020-10-21;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Establishment of a simple one-step method for oligodendrocyte progenitor cell preparation from rodent brains
Authors: A Yoshida, K Takashima, T Shimonaga, M Kadokura, S Nagase, S Koda
J. Neurosci. Methods, 2020-05-30;0(0):108798.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Glutathione dynamics determine the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells for graft-versus-host disease via CREB1-NRF2 pathway
Authors: J Lim, J Heo, H Ju, JW Shin, Y Kim, S Lee, HY Yu, CM Ryu, H Yun, S Song, KS Hong, HM Chung, HR Kim, JS Roe, K Choi, IG Kim, EM Jeong, DM Shin
Sci Adv, 2020-04-15;6(16):eaba1334.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Novel roles of PRK1 and PRK2 in cilia and cancer biology
Authors: H Patel, J Li, A Herrero, J Kroboth, A Byron, AV Kriegsheim, V Brunton, N Carragher, T Hurd, M Frame
Sci Rep, 2020-03-03;10(1):3902.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Reprogramming of Fibroblasts to Oligodendrocyte Progenitor-like Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9-Based Synthetic Transcription Factors
Authors: M Matjusaiti, LJ Wagstaff, A Martella, B Baranowski, C Blin, S Gogolok, A Williams, SM Pollard
Stem Cell Reports, 2019-11-07;13(6):1053-1067.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
The effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban on neural differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
Authors: N Omar, Y Lokanathan, ZR Mohd Razi, R Bt Haji Id
BMC Complement Altern Med, 2019-07-08;19(1):167.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
Dysregulated Glial Differentiation in Schizophrenia May Be Relieved by Suppression of SMAD4- and REST-Dependent Signaling
Authors: Z Liu, M Osipovitch, A Benraiss, NPT Huynh, R Foti, J Bates, D Chandler-M, RL Findling, PJ Tesar, M Nedergaard, MS Windrem, SA Goldman
Cell Rep, 2019-06-25;27(13):3832-3843.e6.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Organoid
Applications: Bioassay -
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Multipotent Vascular Progenitors of the Mesothelium Lineage Have Utility in Tissue Engineering and Repair
Authors: T Colunga, M Hayworth, S Kre beta, DM Reynolds, L Chen, KL Nazor, J Baur, AM Singh, JF Loring, M Metzger, S Dalton
Cell Rep, 2019-03-05;26(10):2566-2579.e10.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Selective estrogen receptor modulators enhance CNS remyelination independent of estrogen receptors
Authors: KA Rankin, F Mei, K Kim, YA Shen, SR Mayoral, C Desponts, DS Lorrain, AJ Green, SE Baranzini, JR Chan, R Bove
J. Neurosci., 2019-01-29;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocytes in human three-dimensional neural cultures
Authors: RM Marton, Y Miura, SA Sloan, Q Li, O Revah, RJ Levy, JR Huguenard, SP Pa?ca
Nat. Neurosci., 2019-01-28;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Human ESC-Derived Chimeric Mouse Models of Huntington's Disease Reveal Cell-Intrinsic Defects in Glial Progenitor Cell Differentiation
Authors: M Osipovitch, A Asenjo Mar, JN Mariani, A Cornwell, S Dhaliwal, L Zou, D Chandler-M, S Wang, X Li, SJ Benraiss, R Agate, A Lampp, A Benraiss, MS Windrem, SA Goldman
Cell Stem Cell, 2018-12-13;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
STAT3 exacerbates survival of cancer stem-like tumorspheres in EGFR-positive colorectal cancers: RNAseq analysis and therapeutic screening
Authors: CC Cheng, PN Liao, AS Ho, KH Lim, J Chang, YW Su, CG Chen, YW Chiang, BL Yang, HC Lin, YC Chang, CC Chang, YF Chang
J. Biomed. Sci., 2018-08-02;25(1):60.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Nintedanib decreases muscle fibrosis and improves muscle function in a murine model of dystrophinopathy
Authors: P Piñol-Jura, X Suárez-Cal, E Fernández-, E Gallardo, N de la Oliv, A Martínez-M, P Gómez-Gálv, LM Escudero, M Pérez-Peir, L Wollin, N de Luna, X Navarro, I Illa, J Díaz-Maner
Cell Death Dis, 2018-07-10;9(7):776.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Teriflunomide promotes oligodendroglial differentiation and myelination
Authors: P Göttle, A Manousi, D Kremer, L Reiche, HP Hartung, P Küry
J Neuroinflammation, 2018-03-13;15(1):76.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Discovery of High-Affinity PDGF-VEGFR Interactions: Redefining RTK Dynamics
Authors: SB Mamer, S Chen, JC Weddell, A Palasz, A Wittenkell, M Kumar, PI Imoukhuede
Sci Rep, 2017-11-27;7(1):16439.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Surface Plasmon Resonance -
Expression of the Human Herpesvirus 6A Latency-Associated Transcript U94A Disrupts Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Migration
Authors: A Campbell, JM Hogestyn, CJ Folts, B Lopez, C Pröschel, D Mock, M Mayer-Prös
Sci Rep, 2017-06-21;7(1):3978.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Differentiation of Inflammation-Responsive Astrocytes from Glial Progenitors Generated from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: R Santos, KC Vadodaria, BN Jaeger, A Mei, S Lefcochilo, APD Mendes, G Erikson, M Shokhirev, L Randolph-M, C Fredlender, S Dave, R Oefner, C Fitzpatric, M Pena, JJ Barron, M Ku, AM Denli, BE Kerman, P Charnay, JR Kelsoe, MC Marchetto, FH Gage
Stem Cell Reports, 2017-06-06;8(6):1757-1769.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein complex gH/gL/gO uses PDGFR-? as a key for entry
Authors: Y Wu, A Prager, S Boos, M Resch, I Brizic, M Mach, S Wildner, L Scrivano, B Adler
PLoS Pathog., 2017-04-12;13(4):e1006281.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Modeling the Mutational and Phenotypic Landscapes of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease with Human iPSC-Derived Oligodendrocytes
Authors: ZS Nevin, DC Factor, RT Karl, P Douvaras, J Laukka, MS Windrem, SA Goldman, V Fossati, GM Hobson, PJ Tesar
Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2017-03-30;100(4):617-634.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Inhibition of Proliferation and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Heavy Chain-Hyaluronan/Pentraxin 3
Authors: H He, AE Kuriyan, CW Su, M Mahabole, Y Zhang, YT Zhu, HW Flynn, JM Parel, SC Tseng
Sci Rep, 2017-03-02;7(0):43736.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Store-operated calcium entry is essential for glial calcium signalling in CNS white matter
Authors: M Papanikola, A Lewis, AM Butt
Brain Struct Funct, 2017-02-28;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Optic Nerve Explant
Applications: Bioassay -
Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from dissociated monolayer and feeder-free cultured pluripotent stem cells
Authors: T Yamashita, Y Miyamoto, Y Bando, T Ono, S Kobayashi, A Doi, T Araki, Y Kato, T Shirakawa, Y Suzuki, J Yamauchi, S Yoshida, N Sato
PLoS ONE, 2017-02-13;12(2):e0171947.
Species: Primate
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Retinal Proteoglycans Act as Cellular Receptors for Basement Membrane Assembly to Control Astrocyte Migration and Angiogenesis
Cell Rep, 2016-11-08;17(7):1832-1844.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Neuroprotective effects of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell transplantation in premature rat brain following hypoxic-ischemic injury.
Authors: Chen, Long-Xia, Ma, Si-Min, Zhang, Peng, Fan, Zi-Chuan, Xiong, Man, Cheng, Guo-Qian, Yang, Yi, Qiu, Zi-Long, Zhou, Wen-Hao, Li, Jin
PLoS ONE, 2015-03-19;10(3):e0115997.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Oligodendroglial maturation is dependent on intracellular protein shuttling.
Authors: Gottle P, Sabo J, Heinen A, Venables G, Torres K, Tzekova N, Parras C, Kremer D, Hartung H, Cate H, Kury P
J Neurosci, 2015-01-21;35(3):906-19.
Species: Human, Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha contributes to liver fibrosis.
Authors: Hayes B, Riehle K, Shimizu-Albergine M, Bauer R, Hudkins K, Johansson F, Yeh M, Mahoney W, Yeung R, Campbell J
PLoS ONE, 2014-03-25;9(3):e92925.
Species: Human, Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Biologic effects of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha blockade in uterine cancer.
Authors: Roh J, Huang J, Hu W, Yang X, Jennings N, Sehgal V, Sohn B, Han H, Lee S, Thanapprapasr D, Bottsford-Miller J, Zand B, Dalton H, Previs R, Davis A, Matsuo K, Lee J, Ram P, Coleman R, Sood A
Clin Cancer Res, 2014-03-14;20(10):2740-50.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
A role for PDGF signaling in expansion of the extra-embryonic endoderm lineage of the mouse blastocyst.
Authors: Artus J, Panthier JJ, Hadjantonakis AK
Development, 2010-09-08;137(20):3361-72.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Improvement in disability after alemtuzumab treatment of multiple sclerosis is associated with neuroprotective autoimmunity.
Authors: Jones JL, Anderson JM, Phuah CL, Fox EJ, Selmaj K, Margolin D, Lake SL, Palmer J, Thompson SJ, Wilkins A, Webber DJ, Compston DA, Coles AJ
Brain, 2010-07-21;133(0):2232-47.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Neuropilin-1 regulates platelet-derived growth factor receptor signalling in mesenchymal stem cells.
Authors: Ball SG, Bayley C, Shuttleworth CA, Kielty CM
Biochem. J., 2010-03-15;427(1):29-40.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Efficient Serum-Free Derivation of Oligodendrocyte Precursors from Neural Stem Cell-Enriched Cultures.
Authors: Rao RC, Boyd J, Padmanabhan R, Chenoweth JG, McKay RD
Stem Cells, 2009-01-01;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor activation is required for human cytomegalovirus infection.
Authors: Soroceanu L, Akhavan A, Cobbs CS
Nature, 2008-08-13;455(7211):391-5.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Effects of PDGF-C and PDGF-D on monocyte migration and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression.
Authors: Wagsater D, Zhu C, Bjorck HM, Eriksson P
Atherosclerosis, 2008-05-22;202(2):415-23.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Development and validation of sandwich ELISA microarrays with minimal assay interference.
Authors: Gonzalez RM, Seurynck-Servoss SL, Crowley SA
J. Proteome Res., 2008-04-19;7(6):2406-14.
Applications: ELISA (Standard) -
Musashi1 RNA-binding protein regulates oligodendrocyte lineage cell differentiation and survival.
Authors: Dobson NR, Zhou YX, Flint NC, Armstrong RC
Glia, 2008-02-01;56(3):318-30.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
PDGF-C and -D induced proliferation/migration of human RPE is abolished by inflammatory cytokines.
Authors: Li R, Maminishkis A, Wang FE, Miller SS
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2007-12-01;48(12):5722-32.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Vascular endothelial growth factor can signal through platelet-derived growth factor receptors.
Authors: Ball SG, Shuttleworth CA, Kielty CM
J. Cell Biol., 2007-04-30;177(3):489-500.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
PDGFR alpha-positive B cells are neural stem cells in the adult SVZ that form glioma-like growths in response to increased PDGF signaling.
Authors: Jackson EL, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Gil-Perotin S, Roy M, Quinones-Hinojosa A, VandenBerg S, Alvarez-Buylla A
Neuron, 2006-07-20;51(2):187-99.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
Expression of PDGF and their receptors in human retinal pigment epithelial cells and fibroblasts: regulation by TGF-beta.
Authors: Nagineni CN, Kutty V, Detrick B, Hooks JJ
J. Cell. Physiol., 2005-04-01;203(1):35-43.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Interferon-gamma inhibits transforming growth factor-beta production in human airway epithelial cells by targeting Smads.
Authors: Wen FQ, Liu X, Kobayashi T, Abe S, Fang Q, Kohyama T, Ertl R, Terasaki Y, Manouilova L, Rennard SI
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2004-01-12;30(6):816-22.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Xenopus neurula left-right asymmetry is respeficied by microinjecting TGF-beta5 protein.
Authors: Mogi K, Goto M, Ohno E, Azumi Y, Takeuchi S, Toyoizumi R
Int. J. Dev. Biol., 2003-02-01;47(1):15-29.
Species: Xenopus
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo
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Average Rating: 4.4 (Based on 5 Reviews)
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Reason for Rating: PDGF-AA Protein was used to differentiate human iPS cells into oligodendrocytes precursors. Performed reliably and consistently