Recombinant Mouse Lymphotoxin alpha1/beta2 Protein Summary
Product Specifications
| Mouse LT alpha (Lys59-Leu202) Accession # P09225 | GGGGS | Mouse LT beta (Leu153-Gly306) Accession # P41155 | GGGGS | Mouse LT beta (Leu153-Gly306) Accession # P41155 |
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
9968-LY
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: |
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9968-LY/CF
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: |
|
Scientific Data
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Recombinant Mouse Lymphotoxin alpha 1/ beta 2 (Catalog # 9968-LY) induces NIH‑3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell proliferation. The ED50 for this effect is 0.3-2.1 ng/mL.
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2 μg/lane of Recombinant Mouse Lymphotoxin alpha1/beta2 was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by Coomassie® blue staining, showing bands at 42-63 kDa.
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: Lymphotoxin
Lymphotoxin alpha (LT alpha) and Lymphotoxin beta (LT beta) are pro-inflammatory TNF superfamily ligands that play important roles in immune system development (1, 2). Mouse LT alpha cDNA encodes a 202 amino acid (aa) secreted soluble protein with a 33 aa signal sequence. The mature mouse LT alpha shares 75% aa sequence identity with human LT alpha (3, 4). Mouse LT beta cDNA encodes a 306 aa type II membrane protein with a 27 aa N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane region, and a 258 aa extracellular domain. It shares 73% aa sequence identity with human LT beta within common regions of their extracellular domains (5). Secreted LT alpha assembles as a soluble homotrimer, LT alpha 3. In addition, secreted LT alpha also complexes with the membrane associated LT beta to generate two types of heterotrimers, LT alpha 1/beta 2 and LT alpha 2/beta 1 (5). The soluble LT alpha 3 binds both TNF RI (p55) and TNF RII (p75). In contrast, the predominant membrane-bound heterotrimer, LT alpha 1/beta 2, binds only to the lymphotoxin beta receptor (LT beta R). LT alpha 2/beta 1 is capable of binding LT beta R, TNF RI (p55), and TNF RII (p75). LT plays a role in normal lymphoid organogenesis (6, 7). The LT alpha 1/beta 2 heterotrimer binds and activates the LT beta R/TNFRSF3 which is expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), follicular dendritic cells (FDC), and high endothelial venules (HEV) (2, 8, 9). LT beta R also serves as a receptor for LIGHT/TNFSF14 (10). LT alpha 1/beta 2 promotes the development of FDC networks and HEV in lymphoid tissue, the class switching of immature B cells for IgA production, and the production of homeostatic IL-22 by ILCs (11-14). It can be shed by ADAM17 or MMP-8 mediated cleavage, and the released heterotrimer circulates in the serum and is elevated in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients (15).
- Lu, T.T. and J.L. Browning (2014) Front. Immunol. 5:47.
- Upadhyay, V. and Y.-X. Fu (2014) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 25:227.
- Gray, P.W. et al. (1984) Nature 312:721.
- Nedwin, G.E. et al. (1985) J. Cell Biochem. 29:171.
- Browning, J.L. et al. (1993) Cell 72:847.
- Ettinger R. et al. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:13102.
- Cuff, C.A. et al. (1998) J. Immunol. 161:6853.
- Sudhamsu, J. et al. (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110:19896.
- Crowe, P.D. et al. (1994) Science 264:707.
- Eldredge, J. et al. (2006) Biochemistry 45:10117.
- Kruglov, A.A. et al. (2013) Science 342:1243.
- Futterer, A. et al. (1998) Immunity 9:59.
- Koni, P.A. et al. (1997) Immunity 6:491.
- Ota, N. et al. (2011) Nat. Immunol. 12:941.
- Young, J. et al. (2010) Cytokine 51:78.
Citation for Recombinant Mouse Lymphotoxin alpha1/beta2 Protein
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
1 Citation: Showing 1 - 1
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EphA2 contributes to disruption of the blood-brain barrier in cerebral malaria
Authors: TK Darling, PN Mimche, C Bray, B Umaru, LM Brady, C Stone, CE Eboumbou M, TE Lane, LS Ayong, TJ Lamb
PLoS Pathog., 2020-01-30;16(1):e1008261.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
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