Human PD-1 Antibody Summary
Leu25-Gln167
Accession # Q8IX89
Applications
Human PD-1 Sandwich Immunoassay
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
Detection of Human PD‑1 by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysate of human thymus tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 2 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human PD-1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1086) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). Specific bands were detected for PD-1 at approximately 40-50 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.
Detection of Human PD‑1 by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysates of HEK293 human embryonic kidney cell line either mock transfected or transfected with human PD-1. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.5 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human PD-1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1086) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). Specific bands were detected for PD-1 at approximately 40-80 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.
Detection of PD‑1 in Human PBMCs treated with PHA by Flow Cytometry. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) either (A) untreated or (B) treated with 5 µg/mL PHA overnight were stained with Goat Anti-Human PD-1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1086) followed by Phycoerythrin-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # F0107) and Mouse Anti-Human CD3e APC-conjugated Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB100A). Quadrant markers were set based on control antibody staining (Catalog # F0107). View our protocol for Staining Membrane-associated Proteins.
PD‑1 in Human Lymph Node. PD-1 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human lymph node using Goat Anti-Human PD-1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1086) at 3 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to lymphocytes. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: PD-1
Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the CD28/CTLA-4 family of immunoreceptors that mediate signals for regulating immune responses (1). Members of the CD28/CTLA-4 family have been shown to either promote T cell activation (CD28 and ICOS) or down-regulate T cell activation (CTLA-4 and PD-1) (2). PD-1 is expressed on activated T cells, B cells, myeloid cells, and on a subset of thymocytes. In vitro, ligation of PD-1 inhibits TCR-mediated T-cell proliferation and production of IL-1, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma. In addition, PD-1 ligation also inhibits BCR mediated signaling. PD-1 deficient mice have a defect in peripheral tolerance and spontaneously develop autoimmune diseases (2, 3).
Two B7 family proteins, PD-L1 (also called B7-H1) and PD-L2 (also known as B7-DC), have been identified as PD-1 ligands. Unlike other B7 family proteins, both
PD‑L1 and PD-L2 are expressed in a wide variety of normal tissues including heart, placenta, and activated spleens (4). The wide expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 and the inhibitor effects on PD-1 ligation indicate that PD-1 might be involved in the regulation of peripheral tolerance and may help prevent autoimmune diseases (2).
The human PD-1 gene encodes a 288 amino acid (aa) protein with a putative 20 aa signal peptide, a 148 aa extracellular region with one immunoglobulin-like V-type domain, a 24 aa transmembrane domain, and a 95 aa cytoplasmic region. The cytoplasmic tail contains two tyrosine residues that form the immuno-receptor
tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) that are important in mediating PD-1 signaling. Mouse and human PD-1 share approximately 60% aa sequence identity (4).
- Ishida, Y. et al. (1992) EMBO J. 11:3887.
- Nishimura, H. and T. Honjo (2001) Trends in Immunol. 22:265.
- Latchman, Y. et al. (2001) Nature Immun. 2:261.
- Carreno, B.M. and M. Collins (2002) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20:29.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human PD-1 Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Modulation of immune checkpoint regulators in interferon ? induced urothelial carcinoma and activated T-lymphocyte cells by cytostatics
Authors: H�nze, J;Schulte-Herbr�ggen, J;Hofmann, R;Hegele, A;
Genes and immunity
Species: Human
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: Western Blot -
Exosomes in malignant pleural effusion from lung cancer patients impaired the cytotoxicity of double-negative T cells
Authors: J Wu, R Zhu, Z Wang, X Chen, T Xu, Y Liu, M Song, J Jiang, Q Ma, Z Chen, Y Liu, X Wang, M Zhang, M Huang, N Ji
Translational Oncology, 2022-10-14;27(0):101564.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Escherichia coli-specific CXCL13-producing TFH are associated with clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade against muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: AG Goubet, L Lordello, C Alves Cost, I Peguillet, M Gazzano, MD Mbogning-F, C Thelemaque, C Lebacle, C Thibault, F Audenet, G Pignot, G Gravis, C Helissey, L Campedel, M Roupret, E Xylinas, I Ouzaid, A Dubuisson, M Mazzenga, C Flament, P Ly, V Marty, N Signolle, A Sauvat, T Sbarrato, M Filahi, C Davin, G Haddad, J Bou Khalil, C Bleriot, FX Danlos, G Dunsmore, K Mulder, A Silvin, T Raoult, B Archambaud, S Belhechmi, I Gomperts B, N Cayet, M Moya-Nilge, A Mallet, R Daillere, E Rouleau, C Radulescu, Y Allory, J Fieschi, M Rouanne, F Ginhoux, G Le Teuff, L Derosa, A Marabelle, J VAN Dorp, N VAN Dijk, MS van der He, B Besse, F Andre, M Merad, G Kroemer, JY Scoazec, L Zitvogel, Y Loriot
Cancer Discovery, 2022-10-05;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
Ex vivo-expanded human CD19+TIM-1+ regulatory B cells suppress immune responses in vivo and are dependent upon the TIM-1/STAT3 axis
Authors: S Shankar, J Stolp, SC Juvet, J Beckett, PS Macklin, F Issa, J Hester, KJ Wood
Nature Communications, 2022-06-03;13(1):3121.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Additive Intralesional Interleukin-2 Improves Progression-Free Survival in a Distinct Subgroup of Melanoma Patients with Prior Progression under Immunotherapy
Authors: D Rafei-Sham, S Lehr, M Behrens, F Meiss
Cancers, 2022-01-21;14(3):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
The role of the immunoescape in colorectal cancer liver metastasis
Authors: C Takasu, S Yamashita, Y Morine, K Yoshikawa, T Tokunaga, M Nishi, H Kashihara, T Yoshimoto, M Shimada
PLoS ONE, 2021-11-19;16(11):e0259940.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
Regulation of PD-L1 expression in K-ras-driven cancers through ROS-mediated FGFR1 signaling
Authors: C Glorieux, X Xia, YQ He, Y Hu, K Cremer, A Robert, J Liu, F Wang, J Ling, PJ Chiao, P Huang
Redox Biology, 2020-11-03;38(0):101780.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Impact of sidedness of colorectal cancer on tumor immunity
Authors: C Takasu, M Nishi, K Yoshikawa, T Tokunaga, H Kashihara, T Yoshimoto, M Shimada
PLoS ONE, 2020-10-12;15(10):e0240408.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
The innate immune effector ISG12a promotes cancer immunity by suppressing the canonical Wnt/&beta-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: R Deng, C Zuo, Y Li, B Xue, Z Xun, Y Guo, X Wang, Y Xu, R Tian, S Chen, Q Liu, J Chen, J Wang, X Huang, H Li, M Guo, X Wang, M Yang, Z Wu, J Wang, J Ma, J Hu, G Li, S Tang, Z Tu, H Ji, H Zhu
Cell. Mol. Immunol., 2020-09-22;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Concordance of PD-1 and PD-L1 (B7-H1) in paired primary and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: JE Eckel-Pass, TH Ho, DJ Serie, JC Cheville, R Houston Th, BA Costello, H Dong, ED Kwon, BC Leibovich, AS Parker
Cancer Med, 2019-12-12;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P -
m6A mRNA demethylase FTO regulates melanoma tumorigenicity and response to anti-PD-1 blockade
Authors: S Yang, J Wei, YH Cui, G Park, P Shah, Y Deng, AE Aplin, Z Lu, S Hwang, C He, YY He
Nat Commun, 2019-06-25;10(1):2782.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells, Whole Tissue
Applications: ICC, IHC -
Mechanisms utilized by feline adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to inhibit T lymphocyte proliferation
Authors: N Taechangam, SS Iyer, NJ Walker, B Arzi, DL Borjesson
Stem Cell Res Ther, 2019-06-25;10(1):188.
Species: Feline
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Low levels of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells in germinal centers characterizes acute SIV infection
Authors: S Li, JM Folkvord, KJ Kovacs, RK Wagstaff, G Mwakalundw, AK Rendahl, EG Rakasz, E Connick, PJ Skinner
PLoS Pathog., 2019-03-21;15(3):e1007311.
Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
Tumor-derived exosomal HMGB1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression through inducing PD1+ TAM expansion
Authors: B Li, TN Song, FR Wang, C Yin, Z Li, JP Lin, YQ Meng, HM Feng, T Jing
Oncogenesis, 2019-02-22;8(3):17.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Analysis of expression of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint system and its prognostic impact in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: M Sampedro-N, A Serrano-So, M Adrados, JM Cameselle-, C Blanco-Car, JM Cabezas-Ag, R Martínez-H, E Martín-Pér, JL Muñoz de N, JÁ Díaz, R García-Cen, J Caneiro-Gó, I Abdulkader, R González-A, M Marazuela
Sci Rep, 2018-12-13;8(1):17812.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P -
Tumor-derived exosomes induce PD1+ macrophage population in human gastric cancer that promotes disease progression
Authors: F Wang, B Li, Y Wei, Y Zhao, L Wang, P Zhang, J Yang, W He, H Chen, Z Jiao, Y Li
Oncogenesis, 2018-05-25;7(5):41.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells, Whole Tissue
Applications: Functional Assay, IHC -
Altered Ratio of T Follicular Helper Cells to T Follicular Regulatory Cells Correlates with Autoreactive Antibody Response in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques
Authors: W Fan, AJ Demers, Y Wan, Q Li
J. Immunol., 2018-04-02;0(0):.
Species: Primate
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Associations of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-Specific Follicular CD8+T Cells with Other Follicular T Cells Suggest Complex Contributions to SIV Viremia Control
Authors: MA Rahman, KM McKinnon, TS Karpova, DA Ball, DJ Venzon, W Fan, G Kang, Q Li, M Robert-Gur
J. Immunol., 2018-03-05;0(0):.
Species: Primate
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
Blockade of Tumor-Expressed PD-1 promotes lung cancer growth
Authors: S Du, N McCall, K Park, Q Guan, P Fontina, A Ertel, T Zhan, AP Dicker, B Lu
Oncoimmunology, 2018-01-29;7(4):e1408747.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P -
Quantitative Multiplexed Imaging Analysis Reveals a Strong Association between Immunogen-Specific B Cell Responses and Tonsillar Germinal Center Immune Dynamics in Children after Influenza Vaccination
Authors: D Amodio, N Cotugno, G Macchiarul, S Rocca, Y Dimopoulos, MR Castrucci, R De Vito, FM Tucci, AB McDermott, S Narpala, P Rossi, RA Koup, P Palma, C Petrovas
J. Immunol., 2017-12-13;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
Increased expression of programmed cell death protein 1 on NK cells inhibits NK-cell-mediated anti-tumor function and indicates poor prognosis in digestive cancers
Authors: Y Liu, Y Cheng, Y Xu, Z Wang, X Du, C Li, J Peng, L Gao, X Liang, C Ma
Oncogene, 2017-07-10;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay, Neutralization -
Immune Cell Dynamics in Rhesus Macaques Infected with a Brazilian Strain of Zika Virus
Authors: ELV Silveira, KA Rogers, S Gumber, P Amancha, P Xiao, SM Woollard, SN Byrareddy, MM Teixeira, F Villinger
J. Immunol., 2017-06-30;0(0):.
Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
Particulate Array of Well-Ordered HIV Clade C Env Trimers Elicits Neutralizing Antibodies that Display a Unique V2 Cap Approach
Authors: P Martinez-M, K Tran, J Guenaga, G Lindgren, M Àdori, Y Feng, GE Phad, N Vázquez Be, S Bale, J Ingale, V Dubrovskay, S O'Dell, L Pramanik, M Spångberg, M Corcoran, K Loré, JR Mascola, RT Wyatt, GB Karlsson H
Immunity, 2017-05-16;46(5):804-817.e7.
Species: Primate
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
PD-L1, PD-L2 and PD-1 expression in metastatic melanoma: Correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells and clinical outcome
Authors: Joseph M Obeid
Oncoimmunology, 2016-09-20;5(11):e1235107.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P -
PD-1 Blockade with Pembrolizumab in Advanced Merkel-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: PT Nghiem, S Bhatia, EJ Lipson, RR Kudchadkar, NJ Miller, L Annamalai, S Berry, EK Chartash, A Daud, SP Fling, PA Friedlande, HM Kluger, HE Kohrt, L Lundgren, K Margolin, A Mitchell, T Olencki, DM Pardoll, SA Reddy, EM Shantha, WH Sharfman, E Sharon, She
N Engl J Med, 2016-04-19;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P -
Vaccine Induction of Lymph Node-Resident Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Env-Specific T Follicular Helper Cells in Rhesus Macaques.
Authors: Vargas-Inchaustegui D, Demers A, Shaw J, Kang G, Ball D, Tuero I, Musich T, Mohanram V, Demberg T, Karpova T, Li Q, Robert-Guroff M
J Immunol, 2016-01-15;196(4):1700-10.
Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells promote HIV-1-induced group 3 innate lymphoid cell depletion.
Authors: Zhang Z, Cheng L, Zhao J, Li G, Zhang L, Chen W, Nie W, Reszka-Blanco N, Wang F, Su L
J Clin Invest, 2015-08-24;125(9):3692-703.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P -
Soluble co-signaling molecules predict long-term graft outcome in kidney-transplanted patients.
Authors: Melendreras S, Martinez-Camblor P, Menendez A, Bravo-Mendoza C, Gonzalez-Vidal A, Coto E, Diaz-Corte C, Ruiz-Ortega M, Lopez-Larrea C, Suarez-Alvarez B
PLoS ONE, 2014-12-05;9(12):e113396.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: ELISA Development -
Early lymphoid responses and germinal center formation correlate with lower viral load set points and better prognosis of simian immunodeficiency virus infection.
Authors: Hong J, Amancha P, Rogers K, Courtney C, Havenar-Daughton C, Crotty S, Ansari A, Villinger F
J Immunol, 2014-06-06;193(2):797-806.
Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
CD4 T follicular helper cell dynamics during SIV infection.
J. Clin. Invest., 2012-08-27;122(9):3281-94.
Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P -
Modulation of T-cell activation by malignant melanoma initiating cells.
Authors: Schatton T, Schutte U, Frank NY, Zhan Q, Hoerning A, Robles SC, Zhou J, Hodi FS, Spagnoli GC, Murphy GF, Frank MH
Cancer Res., 2010-01-12;70(2):697-708.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
Early resolution of acute immune activation and induction of PD-1 in SIV-infected sooty mangabeys distinguishes nonpathogenic from pathogenic infection in rhesus macaques.
Authors: Estes JD, Gordon SN, Zeng M, Chahroudi AM, Dunham RM, Staprans SI, Reilly CS, Silvestri G, Haase AT
J. Immunol., 2008-05-15;180(10):6798-807.
Species: Primate - Cercocebus torquatus (Sooty Mangabey), Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P -
Soluble PD-1 rescues the proliferative response of simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells during chronic infection.
Authors: Onlamoon N, Rogers K, Mayne AE, Pattanapanyasat K, Mori K, Villinger F, Ansari AA
Immunology, 2008-02-05;124(2):277-93.
Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Aberrant regulation of synovial T cell activation by soluble costimulatory molecules in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: Wan B, Nie H, Liu A, Feng G, He D, Xu R, Zhang Q, Dong C, Zhang JZ
J. Immunol., 2006-12-15;177(12):8844-50.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: ELISA Development
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293T cells were infected by lentivirus overexpression of control or PD-1 for 24 and 48 h. Total cell lysates were subjected to western blot. PVDF membrane were probed with 1 um/ml Human PD-1 Antibody (AF1086). A specific band was detected for PD-1 at approximately 43 kDa. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions
10^6 Human PBMCs were probed with 0.5 ug of Goat anti-Human PD-1 antibody (red), or Goat Isotype Control IgG (black), followed by PE-conjugated anti-Goat secondary antibody.