Human/Primate GDF-15 Antibody Summary
Ala197-Ile308
Accession # Q99988
Applications
Human/Primate GDF-15 Sandwich Immunoassay
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: GDF-15
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15), also called Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), placental transforming growth factor-beta, prostate-derived factor, and placental bone morphogenetic protein, is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta ) superfamily. GDF-15 is highly expressed in placenta and is expressed at lower levels in kidney, pancreas, prostate and colon. It is also widely expressed in brain. Similarly to other TGF-beta family proteins, GDF-15 is synthesized as a large precursor protein that is cleaved at the dibasic cleavage site (RXXR) to release the carboxy-terminal domain. The carboxy-terminal domain of GDF-15 contains the characteristic seven conserved cysteine residues necessary for the formation of the cysteine knot and the single interchain disulfide bond. Furthermore, the carboxy-terminal domain contains two additional cysteine residues that form a fourth intrachain disulfide bond. Biologically active GDF-15 is a disulfide-linked homodimer of the carboxy-terminal 112 amino acid residues. Mature human GDF-15 shares 66.1% and 68.7% amino acid sequence similarity with rat and mouse GDF-15, respectively, which are remarkably low homologies between species in TGF-beta superfamily. GDF-15 has been shown to have various functions, including inhibition of production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ) from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, induction of cartilage formation, early-stage endochonadal bone formation, and promotion of neuronal survival.
- Bootcov, M.R. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:11514.
- Böttner, M. et al. (1999) Gene 237:105.
- Fairlie, W.D. et al. (1998) J. Leukoc. Biol 65:2.
- Fairlie, W.D. et al. (2001) J B.C 20:16911.
- Bauskin, A.R. et al. (2000) EMBO J. 19:2212.
- Strelau, J. et al. (2000) J. Neurosci. 20:8597.
- Schober, A. et al. (2001) J. Comp. Neurol. 439:32.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human/Primate GDF-15 Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 8
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Increased expression and accumulation of GDF15 in IPF extracellular matrix contribute to fibrosis
Authors: A Radwanska, CT Cottage, A Piras, C Overed-Say, C Sihlbom, R Budida, C Wrench, J Connor, S Monkley, P Hazon, H Schluter, MJ Thomas, CM Hogaboam, LA Murray
JCI Insight, 2022-08-22;7(16):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
Circulating levels of GDF15 in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: A Melvin, E Lacerda, HM Dockrell, S O'Rahilly, L Nacul
J Transl Med, 2019-12-04;17(1):409.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: ELISA Capture -
TGF-? contamination of purified recombinant GDF15
Authors: OE Olsen, A Skjærvik, BF Størdal, A Sundan, T Holien
PLoS ONE, 2017-11-21;12(11):e0187349.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
GDF15/MIC1 and MMP9 Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels in Parkinson's Disease and Lewy Body Dementia.
Authors: Walter Maetzler, Willy Deleersni, Valérie Hanssens, Alice Bernard, Kathrin Brockmann, Justus Marquetan, Isabel Wurster, Tim W Rattay, Lorenzo Roncoroni, Eva Schaeffer, Stefanie Lerche, Anja Apel, Christian Deuschle, Daniela Berg
PLoS ONE, 2016-03-03;0(0):1932-6203.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Beads
Applications: Luminex Development -
Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 biomarker serum immunoassay in combination with PSA is a more specific diagnostic tool for detection of prostate cancer.
Authors: Li, Ji, Veltri, Robert W, Yuan, Zhen, Christudass, Christhu, Mandecki, Wlodek
PLoS ONE, 2015-04-08;10(4):e0122249.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: ELISA Development (Capture) -
Growth differentiating factor 15 enhances the tumor-initiating and self-renewal potential of multiple myeloma cells.
Authors: Tanno, Toshihik, Lim, Yiting, Wang, Qiuju, Chesi, Marta, Bergsagel, P Leif, Matthews, Geoff, Johnstone, Ricky W, Ghosh, Nilanjan, Borrello, Ivan, Huff, Carol An, Matsui, William
Blood, 2013-12-17;123(5):725-33.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Growth differentiation factor-15 predicts mortality and morbidity after cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Authors: Foley PW, Stegemann B, Ng K, Ramachandran S, Proudler A, Frenneaux MP, Ng LL, Leyva F
Eur. Heart J., 2009-08-07;30(22):2749-57.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
Applications: ELISA Development -
Growth differentiation factor-15 as a prognostic marker in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: Khan SQ, Ng K, Dhillon O, Kelly D, Quinn P, Squire IB, Davies JE, Ng LL
Eur. Heart J., 2009-01-23;30(9):1057-65.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
Applications: ELISA Development
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This antibody was used as capture in an ELISA with BAF940 as the detection. Human Serum and Plasma samples were measurable.
Together with cat# BAF940 this antibody was used in an immunoassay to measure GDF-15 in human serum samples.
Human uterine endothelial cells were cultured in Extravillous trophoblasts conditioned medium. Antibody was used to neutralize Extravillous trophoblast secreted GDF-15.
