Human Tpo Magnetic Luminex® Performance Assay
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Human Tpo Magnetic Luminex® Performance Assay Summary
| Panel | Luminex Performance Human Cytokine Panel A |
| Assay Type | Magnetic bead-based multiplex assay for the Luminex® platform |
| Format | 1 x 96-well microplate and Magnetic antibody-coated beads |
| Species | Human |
| Analytes Detected | Please see analyte list in assay customization tool below. |
| Performance Validation | Our Luminex High Performance Assays undergo our most extensive validation testing. All Luminex High Performance Assay Panels are validated for use with serum and plasma samples. Some High Performance Assays are additionally validated for cell culture supernatants, milk, saliva, or urine, as indicated on the individual product data sheets. Luminex High Performance Assays are tested for sensitivity (three-quarters the low standard), intra-assay precision, inter-assay precision, and to ensure assay linearity for validated sample types. Recovery values for individual samples in validated sample types are also tested. Validation data for each analyte can be found in the product datasheet. |
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Magnetic Luminex High Performance Assays are flexible bead-based multiplex assays. They allow up to 50 user-defined target analytes to be simultaneously profiled using cell culture supernates, serum, or plasma samples. Some panels are also validated with human milk, saliva, and/or urine samples.
- Simultaneously profile Human Thrombopoietin/Tpo with up to analytes of your choice in one sample
- Magnetic format allows for easier wash steps
- Undergoes similar validation testing as Quantikine® ELISA Kits
- Precise and Specific
- Requires a small sample volume (<50 µL)
- Run your assay in just 3-5 hours
- Mass-calibrated standards for consistent results with every new lot of material
- Enough reagents for one 96-well plate
- Standard Cocktail(s)
- Bead Diluent
- Biotin Antibody Diluent
- Calibrator Diluent
- Wash Buffer
- Streptavidin-PE
- One flat-bottom 96-well Microplate
- Foil Plate Sealers (4)
- Mixing Bottle
- Standard Value Card**
**A standard curve must be generated each time an assay is run, utilizing values from the Standard Value Card included in the Base Kit.
- User-mix antibody-coated Magnetic beads in individual vials
- User-mixed cocktail of biotinylated detection antibody
Precision
|
Intra-assay Precision (precision within an assay) - Three samples of known concentration were tested twenty times on one plate to assess intra-assay precision. |
||||||
| Intra-Assay Precision | Inter-Assay Precision | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Mean (pg/mL) | 517 | 1343 | 2693 | 548 | 1303 | 2653 |
| Standard deviation | 29 | 73 | 143 | 33 | 89 | 219 |
| CV (%) | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 8.3 |
Recovery
|
Samples containing and/or spiked with human Tpo were evaluated for recovery. |
||||||
| Sample Type | Average % Recovery | Range (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell culture supernate | 102 | 90-116 | ||||
| Serum | 129 | 104-156 | ||||
| EDTA plasma | 94 | 77-114 | ||||
| Heparin plasma | 107 | 90-122 | ||||
Linearity
|
Samples containing and/or spiked with human Tpo were serially diluted to evaluate assay linearity. |
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| Cell culture supernate | Serum | EDTA plasma | Heparin plasma | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1:2 | Average % of Expected | 98 | 112 | 117 | 94 | ||||
| Range (%) | 93-106 | 98-127 | 88-144 | 89-103 | |||||
| 1:4 | Average % of Expected | 101 | 109 | 128 | 95 | ||||
| Range (%) | 88-116 | 92-123 | 88-182 | 92-100 | |||||
| 1:8 | Average % of Expected | 105 | 104 | 137 | 96 | ||||
| Range (%) | 87-127 | 87-116 | 90-193 | 88-102 | |||||
Assays for the Luminex platform are offered as High Performance Assays or Assays. The Luminex High Performance Assays are fully validated panels with a focused selection of analytes. They are available in We Mix, You Mix, and Predetermined formats. The Luminex Assays allows for the maximum number of analytes in a multiplex and is supplied as a premixed kit. View a table comparing the features and benefits of these bead-based multiplex assays.
Magnetic Luminex High Performance Assays are designed for use with the Luminex MAGPIX CCD Imager. Alternatively, kits can be used with the Luminex 100/200™ or FLEXMAP 3D, dual laser, flow-based sorting and detection platforms.
Analyte-specific antibodies are pre-coated onto color-coded microparticles. Microparticles, standards, and samples are pipetted into wells and the immobilized antibodies bind the analytes of interest. After washing away any unbound substances, a biotinylated antibody cocktail specific to the analytes of interest is added to each well. Following a wash to remove any unbound biotinylated antibody, Streptavidin-Phycoerythrin conjugate (Streptavidin-PE), which binds to the biotinylated detection antibodies, is added to each well. A final wash removes unbound Streptavidin-PE and the microparticles are resuspended in buffer and read using the Luminex or Bio-Plex analyzer. One laser is bead-specific and determines which analyte is being detected. A magnet in the analyzer captures and holds the superparaMagnetic microparticles in a monolayer. Two spectrally distinct Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) illuminate the beads. One LED identifies the analyte that is being detected and the second LED determines the magnitude of the PE-derived signal, which is in direct proportion to the amount of analyte bound. Each well is imaged with a CCD camera. Kits can also be used with Luminex 100/200 or a Bio-Rad Bio-Plex dual laser, flow-based systems.
Scientific Data
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Quantist software graph of signal intensity versus concentration for Thrombopoietin/Tpo in the Human Cytokine A Luminex Panel
Background: Thrombopoietin/Tpo
Thrombopoietin (Tpo), is a key regulator of megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. It is principally produced in the liver and is bound and internalized by the receptor Tpo R/c-mpl. Defects in the Tpo-Tpo R signaling pathway are associated with a variety of platelet disorders. The 353 amino acid (aa) human Tpo precursor is cleaved to yield the 332 aa mature protein. Mature human Tpo shares approximately 70% aa sequence homology with mouse and rat Tpo. It is an 80 - 85 kDa protein that consists of an N-terminal domain with homology to Erythropoietin (Epo) and a C-terminal domain that contains multiple N-linked and O-linked glycosylation sites. Tissue specific alternate splicing of human Tpo generates multiple isoforms with internal deletions, insertions, and/or C-terminal substitutions. Tpo promotes the differentiation, proliferation, and maturation of MK and their progenitors. Several other cytokines can promote these functions as well but only in cooperation with Tpo. Notably, IL-3 independently induces MK development, although its effects are restricted to early in the MK lineage. Tpo additionally promotes platelet production, aggregation, ECM adhesion, and activation. It is cleaved by platelet-derived thrombin following Arg191 within the C-terminal domain and subsequently at other sites upon extended digestion. Full length Tpo and shorter forms circulate in the plasma. The C-terminal domain is not required for binding to Tpo R or inducing MK growth and differentiation. Aside from its hematopoietic effects, Tpo is expressed in the brain where it promotes the apoptosis of hypoxia-sensitized neurons and inhibits neuronal differentiation by blocking NGF induced signaling.
Thrombopoietin receptor (Tpo R), also known as myeloproliferative leukemia protein (c-Mpl), is a type I transmembrane protein that is a member of the hematopoietin/cytokine receptor superfamily. As a consequence of alternative splicing, there are four identified mRNA variants. The functional receptor is encoded by the P isoform of mRNA. The human and mouse receptors share approximately 81% amino acid sequence identity. Tpo R is expressed at low levels in various cell types, including hematopoietic progenitor cells, megakaryocytes and platelets.
Citation for Human Tpo Magnetic Luminex® Performance Assay
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
1 Citation: Showing 1 - 1
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Patients with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage have abnormally high TGF�+ blood NK, NKT and T cells in the presence of abnormally low TGF� plasma levels
Authors: L Zhu, M Aly, RJ Kuon, B Toth, H Wang, H Karakizlis, R Weimer, C Morath, E Ibrahim, N Ekpoom, G Opelz, V Daniel
BMC Immunol., 2019-03-04;20(1):10.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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TPO performed as expected with Low % CVs
